of Angus, in 1761, the earldom merged in the dukedom of Hamilton. Precisely when the shire became known by the name of the county town has not been ascertained, but probably the usage dates from the 16th century. Among old castles are the roofless square tower of Red Castle at the mouth of the Lunan; the tower of the castle of Auchinleck; the stronghold of Inverquharity near Kirriemuir; the castle of Finhaven; the two towers of old Edzell Castle; the ruins of Melgund Castle, which are fairly complete; the small castle of Newtyle, and the old square tower and gateway of the castle of Craig. See A. Jervise, _Memorials of Angus and Mearns_ (Edinburgh, 1895); _Land of the Lindsays_ (Edinburgh, 1882); _Epitaphs and Inscriptions_ (Edinburgh, 1879); Earl of Crawford, _Lives of the_ _Lindsays_ (London, 1835); Sir W. Fraser, _History of the Carnegies_ (Edinburgh, 1867); A.H. Millar, _Historical Castles and Mansions_ (Paisley, 1890); G. Hay, _History of Arbroath_ (Arbroath, 1876); D.D. Black, _History of Brechin_ (Edinburgh, 1867). FORFEITURE (from "forfeit," originally an offence, and hence a fine exacted as a penalty for such; derived through the O. Fr. _forfait_, from the late Lat. _foris factum_, a trespass, that which is done _foris_, outside), in English law, the term applied (1) to loss or liability to the loss of property in consequence of an offence or breach of contract; (2) to the property of which the party is deprived. Under the common law, conviction and attainder on indictment for treason or felony was followed not only by forfeiture of the life of the offender, but also by forfeiture of his lands and goods. In the case of treason all the traitor's lands of whomsoever holden were forfeited to the king; in the case of felony (including _felo-de-se_, or suicide), the felon's lands escheated (_exceciderunt_) to his immediate lord, subject to the king's right to waste them for a year and a day. This rule did not apply to lands held in gavelkind in the county of Kent. The goods of traitors and felons were forfeited to the king. The desire of the king and his officers to realize the profits of these forfeitures was one of the chief motives for instituting the circuits of the king's justices throughout England; and from time to time conflicts arose from attempts by these justices to extend the law of treason--under which the king levied all the forfeitures--at the expense of felony, in which the lord of the felon benefited by the escheats. As regards theft, the king's rights overrode those of the owner of the stolen property, until, in the reign of Henry VIII., provision was made for restitution of the goods to the owner if he prosecuted the thief to conviction. In Pepys's _Diary_, 21st of January 1667-1668, will be found an illustration of the working of the old law. We find that on the suicide of his brother-in-law, Pepys at once applied to the king personally and