of law, lawyers, political writers, and even novelists and dramatic authors, was given the task of revising the whole structure of the code. See generally Adhemar Esmein, _Cours elementaire d'histoire du droit francais_ (6th ed., 1906); J. Brissand, _Cours d'histoire generale du droit francais public et prive_ (1904); Ernest Glasson, _Histoire du droit et des institutions en France_ (1887-1904); Paul Viollet, _Histoire des institutions politiques et administratives de la France_ (3rd ed., 1903); Fustel de Coulanges, _Histoire des institutions politiques de l'ancienne France_; Jacques Flach, _Les Origines de l'ancienne France_ (1875-1889); Achille Luchaire, _Histoire des institutions monarchiques de la France sous les premiers Capetiens_ (2nd ed., 1900); Hippolyte Taine, _Les Origines de la France contemporaine_ (1878-1894); Adhemar Esmein, _Elements de droit constitutionnel francais et compare_ (4th ed., 1906); Leon Duguit et Henry Monnier, _Les Constitutions et les principales lois politiques de la France depuis 1789_ (1898). (J. P. E.) FOOTNOTE: [1] _Political Science and Comparative Constitutional Law_ (Boston, 1896). FRANCESCHI, JEAN BAPTISTE, BARON (1766-1813), French general, was born at Bastia on the 5th of December 1766 and entered the French service in 1793. He took part in the operations in Corsica in the following year, and received a wound at the siege of San Fiorenzo. After this he left the island and was appointed a field officer in the French Army of Italy, with which he served from 1795 to 1799. He served as a general officer in the campaign of Marengo, in the Naples campaign of 1805-1806, and in the Peninsular War from 1807 to 1809. He was created a baron by Napoleon. He commanded a Neapolitan brigade in the Russian War of 1812, and after the retreat from Moscow took refuge, with the remnant of his command, in Danzig, where in the course of the siege of 1813 he died on the 19th of March.