Frederick was a listless and incapable ruler, lacking alike the qualities of the soldier and of the diplomatist, but possessing a certain cleverness in evading difficulties. With a fine presence, he had many excellent personal qualities, is spoken of as mild and just, and had a real love of learning. He had a great belief in the future greatness of his family, to which he contributed largely by arranging the marriage of Maximilian with Mary of Burgundy, and delighted to inscribe his books and other articles of value with the letters A.E.I.O.U. (_Austriae est imperare orbi universo_; or in German, _Alles Erdreich ist Oesterreich unterthan_). His personality counts for very little in German history. One chronicler says: "He was a useless emperor, and the nation during his long reign forgot that she had a king." His tomb, a magnificent work in red and white marble, is in the cathedral of St Stephen at Vienna. See Aeneas Sylvius Piccolomini, _De rebus et gestis Friderici III_. (trans. Th. Ilgen, Leipzig, 1889); J. Chmel, _Geschichte Kaiser Friedrichs IV. und seines Sohnes Maximilians I_. (Hamburg, 1840); A. Bachmann, _Deutsche Reichsgeschichte im Zeitalter Friedrichs III. und Maximilians I_. (Leipzig, 1884); A. Huber, _Geschichte Oesterreichs_ (Gotha, 1885-1892); and E. M. Fuerst von Lichnowsky, _Geschichte des Hauses Habsburg_ (Vienna, 1836-1844). FREDERICK III. (c. 1286-1330), surnamed "the Fair," German king and duke of Austria, was the second son of the German king, Albert I., and consequently a member of the Habsburg family. In 1298, when his father was chosen German king, Frederick was invested with some of the family lands, and in 1306, when his elder brother Rudolph became king of Bohemia, he succeeded to the duchy of Austria. In 1307 Rudolph died, and Frederick sought to obtain the Bohemian throne; but an expedition into that country was a failure, and his father's murder in May 1308 deprived him of considerable support. He was equally unsuccessful in his efforts to procure the German crown at this time, and the relations between the new king, Henry VII., and the Habsburgs were far from friendly. Frederick asked not only to be confirmed in the possession of Austria, but to be invested with Moravia, a demand to which Henry refused to accede; but an arrangement was subsequently made by which the duke agreed to renounce Moravia in return for a payment of 50,000 marks. Frederick then became involved in a quarrel with his cousin Louis IV., duke of Upper Bavaria (afterwards the emperor Louis IV.), over the guardianship of Henry II., duke of Lower Bavaria. Hostilities broke out, and on the 9th of November 1313 he was defeated by Louis at the battle of Gammelsdorf and compelled to renounce his claim.