von Bremen, _Friedrich der Grosse_ (Bd. ii. of _Erzieher des preussischen Heeres_, Berlin, 1905); G. Winter, _Friedrich der Grosse_ (3 vols. in _Geisteshelden_ series, Berlin, 1906); _Dreissig Jahre am Hofe Friedrichs des Grossen_. _Aus den Tagebuechern des Reichsgrafen Ahasuerus Heinrich von Lehndorff, Kammerherrn der Koenigin Elisabett Christine von Preussen_ (Gotha, 1907). The great work on the wars of Frederick is that issued by the Prussian General Staff: _Die Kriege Friedrichs des Grossen_ (12 vols. in three parts, Berlin, 1890-1904). For a full list of other works see Dahlmann-Waitz, _Quellenkunde_ (Leipzig, 1906). (J. Si.; W. A. P.). FREDERICK III. (1831-1888), king of Prussia and German emperor, was born at Potsdam on the 18th of October 1831, being the eldest son of Prince William of Prussia, afterwards first German emperor, and the princess Augusta. He was carefully educated, and in 1849-1850 studied at the university of Bonn. The next years were spent in military duties and in travels, in which he was accompanied by Moltke. In 1851 he visited England on the occasion of the Great Exhibition, and in 1855 became engaged to Victoria, princess royal of Great Britain, to whom he was married in London on the 25th of January 1858. On the death of his uncle in 1861 and the accession of his father, Prince Frederick William, as he was then always called, became crown prince of Prussia. His education, the influence of his mother, and perhaps still more that of his wife's father, the Prince Consort, had made him a strong Liberal, and he was much distressed at the course of events in Prussia after the appointment of Bismarck as minister. He was urged by the Liberals to put himself into open opposition to the government; this he refused to do, but he remonstrated privately with the king. In June 1863, however, he publicly dissociated himself from the press ordinances which had just been published. He ceased to attend meetings of the council of state, and was much away from Berlin. The opposition of the crown prince to the ministers was increased during the following year, for he was a warm friend of the prince of Augustenburg, whose claims to Schleswig-Holstein Bismarck refused to support. During the war with Denmark he had his first military experience, being attached to the staff of Marshal von Wrangel; he performed valuable service in arranging the difficulties caused by the disputes between the field marshal and the other officers, and was eventually given a control over him. After the war he continued to support the prince of Augustenburg and was strongly opposed to the war with Austria. During the campaign of 1866 he received the command of an army consisting of four army corps; he was assisted by General von Blumenthal, as chief of the staff, but took a very active part in directing the difficult operations by which his army fought its way through the mountains from Silesia to Bohemia, fighting four engagements