AUTHORITIES.--M. von Poschinger, _Kaiser Friedrich_ (3 vols., Berlin, 1898-1900). Adapted into English by Sidney Whitman, _Life of the Emperor Frederick_ (1901). See also Bismarck, _Reflections and Reminiscences_; Rennell Rodd, _Frederick, Crown Prince and Emperor_ (1888); Gustav Freytag, _Der Kronprinz und die deutsche Kaiserkrone_ (1889; English translation, 1890); Otto Richter, _Kaiser Friedrich III._ (2nd ed., Berlin, 1903). For his illness, the official publications, published both in English and German: _Die Krankheit Kaiser Friedrichs III._ (Berlin, 1888), and Morell Mackenzie, _The Fatal Illness of Frederick the Noble_ (1888). Most of the copies of the _Deutsche Rundschau_ containing the extracts from the crown prince's diary were confiscated, but there is an English edition, published in 1889. (J. W. He.) FREDERICK III. (1272-1337), king of Sicily, third son of King Peter of Aragon and Sicily, and of Constance, daughter of Manfred. Peter died in 1285, leaving Aragon to his eldest son Alphonso, and Sicily to his second son James. When Alphonso died in 1291 James became king of Aragon, and left his brother Frederick as regent of Sicily. The war between the Angevins and the Aragonese for the possession of Sicily was still in progress, and although the Aragonese were successful in Italy, James's position in Spain became very insecure to internal troubles and French attacks. Peace negotiations were begun with Charles II. of Anjou, but were interrupted by the successive deaths of two popes; at last under the auspices of Boniface VIII. James concluded a shameful treaty, by which, in exchange for being left undisturbed in Aragon and promised possession of Sardinia and Corsica, he gave up Sicily to the Church, for whom it was to be held by the Angevins (1295). The Sicilians refused to be made over once more to the hated French whom they had expelled in 1282, and found a national leader in the regent Frederick. In vain the pope tried to bribe him with promises and dignities; he was determined to stand by his subjects, and was crowned king by the nobles at Palermo in 1296. Young, brave and handsome, he won the love and devotion of his people, and guided them through the long years of storm and stress with wisdom and ability. Although the second Frederick of Sicily, he called himself third, being the third son of King Peter. He reformed the administration and extended the powers of the Sicilian parliament, which was composed of the barons, the prelates and the representatives of the towns.