Its introduction into England through Egypt is noted (where the Children of Israel "lernyd ye craft of Masonry"), also the "lande of behest" (Jerusalem) and the Temple of Solomon (who "confirmed ye chargys yt David his Fadir" had made). Then masonry in France is interestingly described; and St Alban and "AEthelstane with his yongest sone" (the Edwin of the later MSS.) became the chosen mediums subsequently, as with the other _Charges_, portions of the Old Testament are often cited in order to convey a correct idea to the neophyte, who is to hear the document read, as to these sciences which are declared to be free in themselves (_fre in hem selfe_). Of all crafts followed by man in this world "Masonry hathe the moste notabilite," as confirmed by "Elders that were bi for us of masons [who] had these chargys wryten," and "as is write and taught in ye boke of our charges." Until quite recently no representative or survival of this particular version had been traced, but in 1890 one was discovered of 1687 (since known as the _William Watson MS._). Of some seventy copies of these old scrolls which have been unearthed, by far the greater proportion have been made public since 1860. They have all much in common, though often curious differences are to be detected; are of English origin, no matter where used; and when complete, as they mostly are, whether of the 16th or subsequent centuries, are noteworthy for an invocation or prayer which begins the recital:-- "The mighte of the ffather of heaven And the wysedome of the glorious Sonne through the grace and the goodnes of the holly ghoste yt been three p'sons and one God be with us at or beginning and give us grace so to gou'ne us here in or lyving that wee maye come to his blisse that nevr shall have ending.--Amen." (_Grand Lodge MS. No. 1_, A.D. 1583.) They are chiefly of the 17th century and nearly all located in England; particulars may be found in Hughan's _Old Charges of the British Freemasons_ (1872, 1895 and supplement 1906).[3] The chief scrolls, with some others, have been reproduced in facsimile in six volumes of the _Quatuor Coronatorum Antigrapha_; and the collection in Yorkshire has been published separately, either in the _West Yorkshire Reprints_ or the _Ancient York Masonic Rolls_. Several have been transcribed and issued in other works. These scrolls give considerable information as to the traditions and customs of the craft, together with the regulations for its government, and were required to be read to apprentices long after the peculiar rules ceased to be acted upon, each lodge apparently having one or more copies kept for the purpose. The old Lodge of Aberdeen ordered in 1670 that the Charge was to be "read at ye entering of everie entered prenteise"; another at Alnwick in 1701 provided-- "Noe Mason shall take any apprentice [but he must] Enter him and give him his Charge, within one whole year after";