The Germans have produced some excellent historical atlases, among them K. von Spruner's _Historisch-geographischer Handatlas_ (Gotha, 1853); a new edition of this by T. Menke called _Handatlas für die Geschichte des Mittelalters und der neueren Zeit_ (Gotha, 1880), and G. Droysen's _Allgemeiner historischer Handatlas_ (Leipzig, 1886). The historical geography of Germany is dealt with in B. Knüll's _Historische Geographie Deutschlands im Mittelalter_ (Breslau, 1903); in F. H. Müller's _Die deutschen Stämme und ihre Fürsten_ (Hamburg, 1852), and in many other works referring to the different parts of the country. English books on the history of Germany are not very numerous. There is a short _History of Germany_ by James Sime (1874), another by E. F. Henderson (1902), and _A History of Germany 1715-1815_ by C. T. Atkinson (1909). H. A. L. Fisher's _Medieval Empire_ (1898) is very useful for the earlier period, and J. Bryce's _Holy Roman Empire_ is indispensable. There is a translation of Janssen's _Geschichte_ by M. A. Mitchell and A. M. Christie (1896, fol.), and there are useful chapters in the different volumes of the _Cambridge Modern History_. Two English historians have distinguished themselves by their work on special periods: Carlyle with his _History of Friedrich II., called the Great_ (1872-1873), and W. Robertson with his _History of the Reign of Charles V._ (1820). There is also E. Armstrong's Charles V. (London, 1902). Among German historical periodicals are the _Historische Zeitschrift_, long associated with the name of H. von Sybel, and the _Historisches Jahrbuch_. In guides to the historical sources and to modern historical works Germany is well served. There is the _Quellenkunde der deutschen Geschichte_ (Leipzig, 1906) of Dahlmann-Waitz, a most compendious volume, and the learned _Deutschlands Geschichtsquellen im Mittelalter_ (Berlin, 1893-1894) of W. Wattenbach; A. Potthast's _Bibliotheca historica medii aevi_ (Berlin, 1896), and the _Deutschlands Geschichtsquellen seit der Mitte des 13. Jahrhunderts_ (Berlin, 1886-1887) of O. Lorenz and A. Goldmann. (A. W. H.*) FOOTNOTES: [1] So called from the badge worn by the knights (_Löwenritter_) who composed it. [2] The best account, in English, of the development of the Zollverein is in Percy Ashley's _Modern Tariff History_ (London, 1904). [3] The only formal change is that the duchy of Lauenburg, which since 1865 had been governed by the king of Prussia as a separate principality (but without a vote in the Bundesrat), was in 1876 incorporated in the Prussian province of Schleswig-Holstein. [4] See _Annual Register_ (1908), pp. 289 et seq. [5] The whole question is exhaustively treated from the Danish point of view in _La Question de Slesvig_ (Copenhagen, 1906), a collective work edited by F. de Jessens.