A careful analysis of the _Milhamoth_ is given in Rabbi Isidore Weil's _Philosophie religieuse de Lévi-Ben-Gerson_ (Paris, 1868). See also Munk, _Mélanges de phil. juive et arabe_; and Joel, _Religionsphilosophie d. L. Ben-Gerson_ (1862). The _Milhamoth_ was published in 1560 at Riva di Trento, and has been published at Leipzig, 1866. (I. A.) GERSOPPA, FALLS OF, a cataract on the Sharavati river in the North Kanara district of Bombay. The falls are considered the finest in India. The river descends in four separate cascades called the Raja or Horseshoe, the Roarer, the Rocket and the Dame Blanche. The cliff over which the river plunges is 830 ft. high, and the pool at the base of the Raja Fall is 132 ft. deep. The falls are reached by boat from Honavar, or by road from Gersoppa village, 18 m. distant. Near the village are extensive ruins (the finest of which is a cruciform temple) of Nagarbastikere, the capital of the Jain chiefs of Gersoppa. Their family was established in power in 1409 by the Vijayanagar kings, but subsequently became practically independent. The chieftaincy was several times held by women, and on the death of the last queen (1608) it collapsed, having been attacked by the chief of Bednur. Among the Portuguese the district was celebrated for its pepper, and they called its queen "Regina da pimenta" (queen of pepper). GERSTÄCKER, FRIEDRICH (1816-1872), German novelist and writer of travels, was born at Hamburg on the 10th of May 1816, the son of Friedrich Gerstäcker (1790-1825), a celebrated opera singer. After being apprenticed to a commercial house he learnt farming in Saxony. In 1837, however, having imbibed from _Robinson Crusoe_ a taste for adventure, he went to America and wandered over a large part of the United States, supporting himself by whatever work came to hand. In 1843 he returned to Germany, to find himself, to his great surprise, famous as an author. His mother had shown his diary, which he regularly sent home, and which contained descriptions of his adventures in the New World, to the editor of the _Rosen_, who published them in that periodical. These sketches having found favour with the public, Gerstäcker issued them in 1844 under the title _Streif-und Jagdzüge durch die Vereinigten Staaten Nordamerikas_. In 1845 his first novel, _Die Regulatoren in Arkansas_, appeared, and henceforth the stream of his productiveness flowed on uninterruptedly. From 1849 to 1852 Gerstäcker travelled round the world, visiting North and South America, Polynesia and Australia, and on his return settled in Leipzig. In 1860 he again went to South America, chiefly with a view to inspecting the German colonies there and reporting on the possibility of diverting the stream of German emigration in this direction. The result of his observations and experiences he recorded in _Achtzehn Monate in Südamerika_ (1862). In 1862 he accompanied Duke Ernest of Saxe-Coburg-Gotha to Egypt and