Recognizing then the great perplexity of these problems concerning the
ethnic origins of Hellenic religion, we may at least reduce the tangle
of facts to some order by distinguishing its lower from its higher
forms, and thus provide the material for some theory of evolution. We
may collect and sift the phenomena that remain over from a
pre-anthropomorphic period, the imprints of a savage past, the beliefs
and practices that belong to the animistic or even the pre-animistic
period, fetishism, the worship of animals, human sacrifice. We shall at
once be struck with the contrast between such civilized cults as those
of Zeus, Athena, Apollo, high personal divinities to whom the attributes
of a progressive morality could be attached, and practices that long
survived in backward communities, such as the Arcadian worship of the
thunder and the winds, the cult of Zeus [Greek: Keraunos] "the thunder"
at Mantinea and Zeus [Greek: Kappotas] in Laconia, who is none other
than the mysterious meteoric stone that falls from heaven. These are
examples of a religious view in which certain natural phenomena or
objects are regarded as mysteriously divine or sacred in their own right
and a personal divinity has not yet emerged or been separated from them.
A noteworthy product of primitive animistic feeling is the universally
prevalent cult of Hestia, who is originally "Holy Hearth" pure and
simple, and who even under the developed polytheism, in which she played
no small part, was never established as a separate anthropomorphic
personage.
Fetishism
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