See F. M. Thompson, _History of Greenfield_ (2 vols., Greenfield, 1904). GREENFINCH (Ger. _Grunfink_), or GREEN LINNET, as it is very often called, a common European bird, the _Fringilla chloris_ of Linnaeus, ranked by many systematists with one section of hawfinches, _Coccothraustes_, but apparently more nearly allied to the other section _Hesperiphona_, and perhaps justifiably deemed the type of a distinct genus, to which the name _Chloris_ or _Ligurinus_ has been applied. The cock, in his plumage of yellowish-green and yellow is one of the most finely coloured of common English birds, but he is rather heavily built, and his song is hardly commended. The hen is much less brightly tinted. Throughout Britain, as a rule, this species is one of the most plentiful birds, and is found at all seasons of the year. It pervades almost the whole of Europe, and in Asia reaches the river Ob. It visits Palestine, but is unknown in Egypt. It is, however, abundant in Mauritania, whence specimens are so brightly coloured that they have been deemed to form a distinct species, the _Ligurinus aurantiiventris_ of Dr Cabanis, but that view is now generally abandoned. In the north-east of Asia and its adjacent islands occur two allied species--the _Fringilla sinica_ of Linnaeus and the _F. kawarahiba_ of Temminck. (A. N.) GREENHEART, one of the most valuable of timbers, the produce of _Nectandra Rodiaei_, natural order Lauraceae, a large tree, native of tropical South America and the West Indies. The Indian name of the tree is _sipiri_ or _bibiru_, and from its bark and fruits is obtained the febrifuge principle bibirine. Greenheart wood is of a dark-green colour, sap wood and heart wood being so much alike that they can with difficulty be distinguished from each other. The heart wood is one of the most durable of all timbers, and its value is greatly enhanced by the fact that it is proof against the ravages of many marine borers which rapidly destroy piles and other submarine structures of most other kinds of wood available for such purposes. In the Kelvingrove Museum, Glasgow, there are two pieces of planking from a wreck submerged during eighteen years on the west coast of Scotland. The one specimen--greenheart--is merely slightly pitted on the surface, the body of the wood being perfectly sound and untouched, while the other--teak--is almost entirely eaten away. Greenheart, tested either by transverse or by tensile strain, is one of the strongest of all woods, and it is also exceedingly dense, its specific gravity being about 1150. It is included in the second line of Lloyd's Register for shipbuilding purposes, and it is extensively used for keelsons, beams, engine-bearers and planking, &c., as well as in the general engineering arts, but its excessive weight unfits it for many purposes for which its other properties would render it eminently suitable.