GREGOROVIUS, FERDINAND (1821-1891), German historian, was born at Neidenburg on the 19th of January 1821, and studied at the university of Konigsberg. After spending some years in teaching he took up his residence in Italy in 1852, remaining in that country for over twenty years. He was made a citizen of Rome, and he died at Munich on the 1st of May 1891. Gregorovius's interest in and acquaintance with Italy and Italian history is mainly responsible for his great book, _Geschichte der Stadt Rom im Mittelalter_ (Stuttgart, 1859-1872, and other editions), a work of much erudition and interest, which has been translated into English by A. Hamilton (13 vols., 1894-1900), and also into Italian at the expense of the Romans (Venice, 1874-1876). It deals with the history of Rome from about A.D. 400 to the death of Pope Clement VII. in 1534, and in the words of its author it describes "how, from the time of Charles the Great to that of Charles V., the historic system of the papacy remained inseparable from that of the Empire." The other works of Gregorovius include: _Geschichte des Kaisers Hadrian und seiner Zeit_ (Konigsberg, 1851), English translation by M. E. Robinson (1898); _Corsica_ (Stuttgart, 1854), English translation by R. Martineau (1855); _Lucrezia Borgia_ (Stuttgart, 1874), English translation by J. L. Garner (1904); _Die Grabdenkmaler der Papste_ (Leipzig, 1881), English translation by R. W. Seton-Watson (1903); _Wanderjahre in Italien_ (5 vols., Leipzig, 1888-1892); _Geschichte der Stadt Athen im Mittelalter_ (1889); _Kleine Schriften zur Geschichte der Kultur_ (Leipzig, 1887-1892); and _Urban VIII. im Widerspruch zu Spanien und dem Kaiser_ (Stuttgart, 1879). This last work was translated into Italian by the author himself (Rome, 1879). Gregorovius was also something of a poet; he wrote a drama, _Der Tod des Tiberius_ (1851), and some _Gedichte_ (Leipzig, 1891). His _Romische Tagebucher_ were edited by F. Althaus (Stuttgart, 1892), and were translated into English as the _Roman Journals of F. Gregorovius_, by A. Hamilton (1907).