Many of the best poets of modern Greece have written in the vernacular,
which is best adapted for the natural and spontaneous expression of the
feelings. Dionysios Solomos (1798-1857), the greatest of them all,
employed the dialect of the Ionian Islands. Of his lyrics, which are
full of poetic fire and inspiration, the most celebrated is his "Ode to
Liberty." Other poets, of what may be described as the Ionic school,
such as Andreas Kalvos (1796-1869), Julius Typaldos (1814-1883), John
Zampelios (1787-1856), and Gerasimos Markoras (b. 1826), followed his
example in using the Heptanesian dialect. On the other hand, Georgios
Terzetes (1806-1874), Aristotle Valaorites (1824-1879) and Gerasimos
Mavrogiannes, though natives of the Ionian Islands, adopted in their
lyrics the language of the Klephtic ballads--in other words, the
vernacular of the Pindus range and the mountainous district of Epirus.
This dialect had at least the advantage of being generally current
throughout the mainland, while it derived distinction from the heroic
exploits of the champions of Greek liberty. The poems of Valaorites,
which are characterized by vivid imagination and grace of style, have
made a deep impression on the nation. Other poets who largely employed
the Epirotic dialect and drew their inspiration from the Klephtic songs
were John Vilaras (1771-1823), George Zalokostas (1805-1857) in his
lyric pieces, and Theodore Aphentoules, a Cretan (d. 1893). With the
poems of this group may be classed those of Demetrius Bikelas (b. 1835).
The popular language has been generally adopted by the younger
generation of poets, among whom may be mentioned Aristomenes Probelegios
(b. 1850), George Bizyenos (1853-1896), George Drosines, Kostes Palamas
(b. 1859), John Polemes, Argyres Ephthaliotes, and Jacob Polylas (d.
1896).
Poetical writers in the conventional language.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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