_Pastor fido_ is steeped in sensuousness; and the immodesty of its pictures is enhanced by rhetorical concealments more provocative than nudity. Moreover, the love described is effeminate and wanton, felt less as passion than as lust enveloped in a veil of sentiment. We divine the coming age of _cicisbei_ and _castrati_. Of Guarini's style it would be difficult to speak in terms of too high praise. The thought and experience of a lifetime have been condensed in these five acts, and have found expression in language brilliant, classical, chiselled to perfection. Here and there the taste of the 17th century makes itself felt in frigid conceits and forced antitheses; nor does Guarini abstain from sententious maxims which reveal the moralist rather than the poet. Yet these are but minor blemishes in a masterpiece of diction, glittering and faultless like a polished bas-relief of hard Corinthian bronze. That a single pastoral should occupy so prominent a place in the history of literature seems astonishing, until we reflect that Italy, upon the close of the 16th century, expressed itself in the _Pastor fido_, and that the influence of this drama was felt through all the art of Europe till the epoch of the Revolution. It is not a mere play. The sensual refinement proper to an age of social decadence found in it the most exact embodiment, and made it the code of gallantry for the next two centuries. The best edition of the _Pastor fido_ is the 20th, published at Venice (Ciotti) in 1602. The most convenient is that of Barbera (Florence, 1866). For Guarini's miscellaneous _Rime_, the Ferrara edition, in 4 vols., 1737, may be consulted. His polemical writings, _Verato primo_ and _secondo_, and his prose comedy called _Idropica_, were published at Venice, Florence and Rome, between 1588 and 1614. (J. A. S.) GUARINO, also known as VARINUS, and surnamed from his birthplace FAVORINUS, PHAVORINUS or CAMERS (c. 1450-1537), Italian lexicographer and scholar, was born at Favera near Camerino, studied Greek and Latin at Florence under Politian, and afterwards became for a time the pupil of Lascaris. Having entered the Benedictine order, he now gave himself with great zeal to Greek lexicography; and in 1496 published his _Thesaurus cornucopiae et horti Adonidis_, a collection of thirty-four grammatical tracts in Greek. He for some time acted as tutor to Giovanni dei Medici (afterwards Leo X.), and also held the appointment of keeper of the Medicean library at Florence. In 1514 Leo appointed him bishop of Nocera. In 1517 he published a translation of the _Apophthegmata_ of Joannes Stobaeus, and in 1523 appeared his _Etymologicum magnum, sive thesaurus universae linguae Graecae ex multis variisque autoribus collectus_, a compilation which has been frequently reprinted, and which has laid subsequent scholars under great though not always acknowledged obligations.