GUBERNATIS, ANGELO DE, COUNT (1840- ), Italian man of letters, was born at Turin and educated there and at Berlin, where he studied philology. In 1862 he was appointed professor of Sanskrit at Florence, but having married a cousin of the Socialist Bakunin and become interested in his views he resigned his appointment and spent some years in travel. He was reappointed, however, in 1867; and in 1891 he was transferred to the university of Rome. He became prominent both as an orientalist, a publicist and a poet. He founded the _Italia letteraria_ (1862), the _Rivista orientale_ (1867), the _Civitta italiana_ and _Rivista europea_ (1869), the _Bollettino italiano degli studii orientali_ (1876) and the _Revue internationale_ (1883), and in 1887 became director of the _Giornale della societa asiatica_. In 1878 he started the _Dizionario biografico degli scrittori contemporanei_. His Oriental and mythological works include the _Piccola enciclopedia indiana_ (1867), the _Fonti vediche_ (1868), a famous work on zoological mythology (1872), and another on plant mythology (1878). He also edited the encyclopaedic _Storia universale della letteratura_ (1882-1885). His work in verse includes the dramas _Cato_, _Romolo_, _Il re Nala_, _Don Rodrigo_, _Savitri_, &c. GUDBRANDSDAL, a district in the midlands of southern Norway, comprising the upper course of the river Lougen or Laagen from Lillehammer at the head of Lake Mjosen to its source in Lake Lesjekogen and tributary valleys. Lillehammer, the centre of a rich timber district, is 114 m. N. of Christiania by rail. The railway continues through the well-wooded and cultivated valley to Otta (70 m.). Several tracks run westward into the wild district of the Jotunheim. From Otto good driving routes run across the watershed and descend the western slope, where the scenery is incomparably finer than in Gudbrandsdal itself--(a) past Sorum, with the 13th-century churches of Vaagen and Lom (a fine specimen of the Stavekirke or timber-built church), Aanstad and Polfos, with beautiful falls of the Otta river, to Grotlid, whence roads diverge to Stryn on the Nordfjord, and to Marok on the Geirangerfjord; (b) past Domaas (with branch road north to Storen near Trondhjem, skirting the Dovrefjeld), over the watershed formed by Lesjekogen Lake, which drains in both directions, and down through the magnificent Romsdal.