Imataca, called Guayanos.' My own studies of aboriginal South America lead me to support the statement of Michelana y Rojas, but with the following enlargement of it: The Portuguese, in the early part of the 16th century, found that the coast and mountain district of Rio de Janeiro, between Cape Sao Thome and Angra dos Reis, belonged to the formidable _Tamoyos_. South of these, for a distance of about 300 m. of the ocean slope of the coast range, were the _Guayana_ tribes, called by the early writers _Guianas_, _Goyana_, _Guayana_, _Goana_ and, plural, _Goaynazes_, _Goayanazes_ and _Guayanazes_. They were constantly at feud with the _Tamoyos_ and with their neighbours on the south, the _Carijos_, as well as with the vast Tapuya hordes of the Sertao of the interior. Long before the discovery, they had been forced to abandon their beautiful lands, but had recuperated their strength, returned and reconquered their ancient habitat. Meanwhile, however, many of them had migrated northward, some had settled in the _Sertao_ back of Bahia and Pernambuco, others on the middle Amazon and in the valley of the Orinoco, but a large number had crossed the lower Amazon and occupied an extensive area of country to the north of it, about the size of Belgium, along the Tumuchumac range of highlands, and the upper Paron and Maroni rivers, as well as a large district on the northern slope of the above-named range. In their new home they became known as _Roucouyennes_, because, like the Mundurucus of the middle Amazon, they rubbed and painted themselves with _roucou_ or _urucu_ (Bixa Orellana); but other surrounding tribes called them Ouayanas, that is Guayanas--the Gua, so common to the Guarani-Tupi tongue, having become corrupted into _Oua_. Porto Seguro says of the so-called Tupis, 'at other times they gave themselves the name of _Guaya_ or _Guayana_, which probably means "brothers," from which comes _Guayazes_ and _Guayanazes_.... The latter occupied the country just south of Rio de Janeiro.... The masters of the Capitania of St Vincente called themselves _Guianas_.' Guinila, referring to north-eastern South America (1745), speaks of five missions being formed to civilize the '_Nacion Guayana_.' In view of the above, it may be thought reasonable to assume that the vast territory now known as _Guayana_ (British, Dutch, French, Brazilian and Venezuelan) derives its name from its aborigines who were found there at the time of the discovery, and whose original home was the region I have indicated." [2] This is the boundary generally accepted; but it is in dispute.