BIBLIOGRAPHY.--Guibert's works, edited by d'Achery, were first published in 1651, in 1 vol. folio, at Paris (_Venerabilis Guiberti abbatis B. Mariae de Novigento opera omnia_), and republished in Migne's _Patrologia Latina_, vols. clvi. and clxxxiv. They include, besides minor works, a treatise on homiletics ("Liber quo ordine sermo fieri debeat"); ten books of _Moralia_ on Genesis, begun in 1084, but not completed until 1116, composed on the model of Gregory the Great's _Moralia in Jobum_; five books of _Tropologiae_ on Hosea, Amos and the Lamentations; a treatise on the _Incarnation_, against the Jews; four books _De pignoribus sanctorum_, a remarkably free criticism on the abuses of saint and relic worship; three books of autobiography, _De vita sua, sive monodiarum_; and eight books of the _Historia quae dicitur Gesta Dei per Francos, sive historia Hierosolymitana_ (the ninth book is by another author). Separate editions exist of the last named, in J. Bongars, _Gesta Dei per Francos_, i., and _Recueil des historiens des croisades, hist. Occid._, iv. 115-263. It has been translated into French in Guizot's _Collection_, ix. 1-338. See H. von Sybel, _Geschichte des ersten Kreuzzuges_ (Leipzig, 1881); B. Monod, _Le Moine Guibert et son temps_ (Paris, 1905); and _Guibert de Nogent; histoire de sa vie_, edited by G. Bourgin (Paris, 1907). GUIBERT, JACQUES ANTOINE HIPPOLYTE, COMTE DE (1743-1790), French general and military writer, was born at Montauban, and at the age of thirteen accompanied his father, Charles Benoit, comte de Guibert (1715-1786), chief of staff to Marshal de Broglie, throughout the war in Germany, and won the cross of St Louis and the rank of colonel in the expedition to Corsica (1767). In 1770 he published his _Essai general de tactique_ in London, and this celebrated work appeared in numerous subsequent editions and in English, German and even Persian translations (extracts also in Liskenne and Sauvan, _Bibl. historique et militaire_, Paris, 1845). Of this work (for a detailed critique of which see Max Jahns, _Gesch. d. Kriegswissenschaften_, vol. iii. pp. 2058-2070 and references therein) it may be said that it was the best essay on war produced by a soldier during a period in which tactics were discussed even in the salon and military literature was more abundant than at any time up to 1871. Apart from technical questions, in which Guibert's enlightened conservatism stands in marked contrast to the doctrinaire progressiveness of Menil Durand, Folard and others, the book is chiefly valued for its broad outlook on the state of Europe, especially of military Europe in the period 1763-1792. One quotation may be given as being a most remarkable prophecy of the impending revolution in the art of war, a revolution which the "advanced" tacticians themselves scarcely foresaw. "The standing armies, while a burden on the people, are