GROVE (O.E. _graf_, cf. O.E. _groefa_, brushwood, later "greave"; the word does not appear in any other Teutonic language, and the _New English Dictionary_ finds no Indo-European root to which it can be referred; Skeat considers it connected with "grave," to cut, and finds the original meaning to be a glade cut through a wood), a small group or cluster of trees, growing naturally and forming something smaller than a wood, or planted in particular shapes or for particular purposes, in a park, &c. Groves have been connected with religious worship from the earliest times, and in many parts of India every village has its sacred group of trees. For the connexion of religion with sacred groves see TREE-WORSHIP. The word "grove" was used by the authors of the Authorized Version of the Bible to translate two Hebrew words: (1) _'eshel_, as in Gen. xxi. 33, and 1 Sam. xxii. 6; this is rightly given in the Revised Version as "tamarisk"; (2) _asherah_ in many places throughout the Old Testament. Here the translators followed the Septuagint [Greek: alsos] and the Vulgate _lucus_. The _'[)a]sherah_ was a wooden post erected at the Canaanitish places of worship, and also by the altars of Yahweh. It may have represented a tree. GROZNYI, a fortress and town of Russia, North Caucasia, in the province of Terek, on the Zunzha river, 82 m. by rail N.E. of Vladikavkaz, on the railway to Petrovsk. There are naphtha wells close by. The fortifications were constructed in 1819. Pop. (1897) 15,599. GRUB, the larva of an insect, a caterpillar, maggot. The word is formed from the verb "to grub," to dig, break up the surface of the ground, and clear of stumps, roots, weeds, &c. According to the _New English Dictionary_, "grub" may be referred to an ablaut variant of the Old Teutonic _grab_-, to dig, cf. "grave." Skeat (_Etym. Dict._ 1898) refers it rather to the root seen in "grope," "grab," &c., the original meaning "to search for." The earliest quotation of the slang use of the word in the sense of food in the _New English Dictionary_ is dated 1659 from _Ancient Poems, Ballads_, &c., Percy Society Publications. "Grub-street," as a collective term for needy hack-writers, dates from the 17th century and is due to the name of a street near Moorfields, London, now Milton Street, which was as Johnson says "much inhabited by writers of small histories, dictionaries and temporary poems."