HERVAS Y PANDURO, LORENZO (1735-1809), Spanish philologist, was born at Horcajo (Cuenca) on the 10th of May 1735. He joined the Jesuits on the 29th of September 1745 and in course of time became successively professor of philosophy and humanities at the seminaries of Madrid and Murcia. When the Jesuit order was banished from Spain in 1767, Hervas settled at Forli, and devoted himself to the first part of his _Idea dell' Universo_ (22 vols., 1778-1792). Returning to Spain in 1798, he published his famous _Catalogo de las lenguas de las naciones conocidas_ (6 vols., 1800-1805), in which he collected the philological peculiarities of three hundred languages and drew up grammars of forty languages. In 1802 he was appointed librarian of the Quirinal Palace in Rome, where he died on the 24th of August 1809. Max Muller credits him with having anticipated Humboldt, and with making "one of the most brilliant discoveries in the history of the science of language" by establishing the relation between the Malay and Polynesian family of speech. HERVEY, JAMES (1714-1758), English divine, was born at Hardingstone, near Northampton, on the 26th of February 1714, and was educated at the grammar school of Northampton, and at Lincoln College, Oxford. Here he came under the influence of John Wesley and the Oxford methodists; ultimately, however, while retaining his regard for the men and his sympathy with their religious aims, he adopted a thoroughly Calvinistic creed, and resolved to remain in the Anglican Church. Having taken orders in 1737, he held several curacies, and in 1752 succeeded his father in the family livings of Weston Favell and Collingtree. He was never robust, but was a good parish priest and a zealous writer. His style is often bombastic, but he displays a rare appreciation of natural beauty, and his simple piety made him many friends. His earliest work, _Meditations and Contemplations_, said to have been modelled on Robert Boyle's _Occasional Reflexions on various Subjects_, within fourteen years passed through as many editions. _Theron and Aspasio, or a series of Letters upon the most important and interesting Subjects_, which appeared in 1755, and was equally well received, called forth some adverse criticism even from Calvinists, on account of tendencies which were considered to lead to antinomianism, and was strongly objected to by Wesley in his _Preservative against unsettled Notions in Religion_. Besides carrying into England the theological disputes to which the _Marrow of Modern Divinity_ had given rise in Scotland, it also led to what is known as the Sandemanian controversy as to the nature of saving faith. Hervey died on the 25th of December 1758. A "new and complete" edition of his _Works_, with a memoir, appeared in 1797. See also _Collection of the Letters of James Hervey, to which is prefixed an account of his Life and Death_, by Dr Birch (1760).