The narratives are (a) 2 Kings xviii. 13, 17-xix. 8; cf. Isa. xxxvi.
1-xxxvii. 8, and (b) xix. 9b-35; cp. Isa. xxxvii. 9-36 (2 Chron.
xxxii. 9 sqq. is based on both), and Jerusalem's deliverance is
attributed to a certain rumour (xix. 7), to the advance of Tirhakah,
king of Ethiopia (v. 9), and to a remarkable pestilence (v. 35) which
finds an echo in a famous story related, not without some confusion of
essential facts, by Herodotus (ii. 141; cf. Josephus _Antiq._ x. i.
5).[7] It is difficult to decide whether xix. 9a belongs to the first
or second of these narratives; and whether the "rumour" refers to the
approach of Tirhakah, or rather to the serious troubles which had
arisen in Babylonia. It is equally difficult to determine whether
Tirhakah actually appeared on the scene in 701, and the precise
application of the term Musri (Mizraim) is much debated. Unless the
two narratives are duplicates of the same event, it may be urged that
Sennacherib's attack upon Arabia (apparently about 689) involved an
invasion of Judah, by which time Egypt was in a position to be of
material assistance (cf. Isa. xxx. 1-5, xxxi. 1-3?). This theory of a
second campaign (first suggested by Sir Henry Rawlinson) has been
contested, although it is pointed out that Sennacherib at all events
did not invade Egypt, and that 2 Kings xix. 24 (Isa. xxxvii. 25) can
only refer to his successor. The allusion to the murder of Sennacherib
(xix. 36 sq.)[8] points to the year 681, but it is uncertain to which
of the above narratives it belongs. On the whole, the question must be
left open, and with it both the problem of the extension of the name
Musri and Mizraim outside Egypt in the Assyrian and Hebrew records of
this period and the true historical background of a number of the
Isaianic prophecies. It is quite possible that later events which
belong to the time of the Egyptian supremacy and the wars of
Esarhaddon have been confused with the history of Sennacherib's
invasion.
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