What is true of the dormant condition of arthropod life in the winter of the northern hemisphere is also true in a general way of that of the southern hemisphere at the same season of the year. This is proved--to mention no other cases--by the observations of Darwin on the hibernation of insects and spiders at Montevideo and Bahia Blanca in South America, and by Distant's account of the paucity of insect life in the winter in South Africa; by his discovery under stones of hibernating semi-torpid Coleoptera and Hemiptera at the end of August in the Transvaal, and of the gradual increase in the numbers of individuals and species of insects in that country as the spring advanced and the dry season came to an end. BIBLIOGRAPHY.--T. Bell, _A History of British Reptiles (and Amphibians)_ (1849); W. T. Blanford, _Fauna of British India: Mammalia_ (1889-1891); G. A. Boulenger, _Monograph of the Tailless Batrachians of Europe_, edited by the Ray Society; "Teleostei" in _Cambridge Natural History_, vii. 541-727 (1904); T. W. Bridge, "Dipneustei" in _Cambridge Natural History_, vii. 505-520 (1904); A. H. Cooke, "Molluscs" in _Cambridge Natural History_, iii. 25-27 (1895); T. A. Coward, _P.Z.S._ pp. 849-855 (1906), and pp. 312-324 (1907); C. Darwin, _A Naturalist's Voyage Round the World_, pp. 97-98 (1907 ed.); W. L. Distant, _A Naturalist in the Transvaal_, ch. iii. (1892); Marshall Hall, "Hibernation," in _Todd's Cyclopaedia of Anatomy and Physiology_, pp. 764-776 (1839) (Bibliography); _Phil. Trans. Roy. Soc._ (1832); John Hunter, _Observations on parts of the Animal Economy_ (1837); _Index Catalogue of the Library of the Surgeon-General's Office of the U.S. Army_, vii. (1902), Bibliography relating to physiology of Hibernation; W. Kirby and W. Spence, _An Introduction to Entomology_, ed. 17, pp. 517-533 (1856); L. Landois, _A Text-book of Human Physiology_, translated by W. Stirling, i. 410 (1904); V. Laporte, "Suspension of Vitality in Animals," _Pop. Sci. Monthly_, xxxvi. 257-259 (New York, 1889-1890); Mangili, "Essai sur la lethargie periodique," _Annales du Museum_, x. 453-456 (1807); C. Hart Merriam, _North American Pocket Mice_ (Washington, 1889); W. Miller, "Hibernation and Allied States in Animals," _Trans. Pan-Amer. Med. Congr._ (1893), pt. ii. pp. 1274-1285 (Washington, 1895); M. S. Pembrey and A. G. Pitts, "The Relation between the Internal Temperature and the Respiratory Movements of Hibernating Animals," _Journ. Physiol._ (London, 1899), pp. 305-316; Prunelle, "Recherches sur les phenomenes et sur les causes du sommeil hivernal," _Annales du Museum_, xviii.; J. A. Saissy, _Recherches sur les animaux hivernans_ (1808); L. Spallanzani, _Memoires sur la respiration_ (1803); J. Emerson Tennent, _Sketches of the Natural History of Ceylon_, pp. 351-358 (1861); Volkov, "Le Sommeil hivernal chez les paysans russes," _Bull. Mem. Soc. Anthropol._ (Paris, 1900), i.