From such early examples Byzantine art advanced to a maturer style in
the 9th and 10th centuries, two MSS. in the Bibliothèque Nationale of
Paris being types of the best work of this time. These are: the copy of
the sermons of Gregory Nazianzen (MS. _Grec._ 510), executed about the
year 880 and containing a series of large miniatures, some being of the
highest excellence; and a psalter of the 10th century (MS. Grec. 139),
among whose miniatures are examples which still maintain the old
sentiment of classical art in a remarkable degree, one in particular,
representing David as the psalmist, being an adapted copy of a classical
scene of Orpheus and the Muses. The same scene is repeated in a later
Psalter in the Vatican: an instance of the repetition of favourite
subjects from one century to another which is common throughout the
history of medieval art. At the period of the full maturity of the
Byzantine school great skill is displayed in the best examples of
figure-drawing, and a fine type of head and features is found in the
miniatures of such MSS. as the _Homilies of Chrysostom_ at Paris, which
belonged to the emperor Nicephorus III., 1078-1081, and in the best
copies of the Gospels and Saints' Lives of that period, some of them
being of exquisite finish. By this time also the scheme of decoration
was established. Brilliant gilded backgrounds, give lustre to the
miniatures. Initial letters in gold and colours are in ordinary use;
but, it is to be observed, they never become very florid, but are rather
meagre in outline, nor do they develop the pendants and borders which
are afterwards so characteristic of the illuminated MSS. of the west. By
way of general decoration, the rectangular head-pieces, which are such
prominent features in Greek MSS. from the 10th to the 13th centuries,
flourish in flowered and tesselated and geometric patterns in bright
colours and gold. These are palpably of Oriental design, and may very
well have been suggested by the woven fabrics of western Asia.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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