AUTHORITIES.--Medieval and later works dealing in part with the technicalities of illumination are collected by Mrs Merrifield, _Original Treatises dating from the 12th to 18th Centuries on the Art of Painting_ (1849); see also Theophilus, _De diversis Artibus_, ed. R. Hendrie (1847). Text-books and collections of facsimiles are Count A. de Bastard, _Peintures et ornaments des manuscrits_, a magnificent series of facsimiles, chiefly from Carolingian MSS. (1832-1869); Shaw and Madden, _Illuminated Ornaments from MSS. and early Printed Books_ (1833); Noel Humphreys and Jones, _The Illuminated Books of the Middle Ages_ (1849); H. Shaw, _Handbook of Medieval Alphabets_ (1853), and _The Art of Illumination_ (1870); Tymms and Digby Wyatt, _The Art of Illumination_ (1860); Birch and Jenner, _Early Drawings and Illuminations_, with a dictionary of subjects in MSS. in the British Museum (1879); J. H. Middleton, _Illuminated MSS. in Classical and Medieval Times_ (1892); G. F. Warner, _Illuminated MSS. in the British Museum_ (official publication, 1903); H. Omont, _Facsimilés des miniatures des plus anciens MSS. grecs de la Bibl. Nationale_ (1902); V. de Boutovsky, _Histoire de l'ornement russe du X^e au XVI^e siècle_, including facsimiles from Byzantine MSS. (1870); J. O. Westwood, _Facsimiles of Miniatures and Ornaments of Anglo-Saxon and Irish MSS._ (1868); E. M. Thompson, _English Illuminated MSS._ (1895); _Paleografia artistica di Montecassino_ (1876-1884); _Le Miniature nei codici Cassinesi_ (1887); A. Haseloff, _Eine thüringisch-sächsische Malereischule des 13. Jahrhunderts_ (1897); G. Schwarzenski, _Die Regensburger Buchmalerei des 10. und 11. Jahrhunderts_ (1901); Sauerland and Haseloff, _Der Psalter Erzbischof Egberts von Trier_ (1901). Several of the most ancient illustrated or illuminated MSS. have been issued wholly or partially in facsimile, viz. The _Ambrosian Homer_, by A. Ceriani; the _Schedae Vaticanae_ and the _Codex Romanus_ of Virgil, by the Vatican Library; the Vienna Dioscorides, in the Leiden series of facsimiles; the Vienna Genesis, by Hartel and Wickhoff; the Greek Gospels of Rossano, by A. Haseloff; the Ashburnham Pentateuch, by B. von Gebhart; the Utrecht Psalter, by the Palaeographical Society. Facsimiles from illuminated MSS. are also included in large palaeographical works such as Silvestre, _Universal Palaeography_, ed. Madden (1850); the _Facsimiles_ of the Palaeographical Society (1873-1894) and of the New Palaeographical Society (1903, &c.); and the _Collezione paleografia Vaticana_, the issue of which was commenced in 1905. Excellent photographic reproductions on a reduced scale are being issued by the British Museum and by the Bibliothèque Nationale in Paris. (E. M. T.)