The dynasties of the Andhras in the centre and south and of the Kushans
in the north came to an end almost at the same time (c. A.D. 236-225
respectively). The history of India during the remainder of the 3rd
century is all but a blank, a confused record of meaningless names and
disconnected events; and it Is not until the opening of the 4th century
that the veil is lifted, with the rise to supreme power in Magadha (A.D.
320) of Chandragupta I., the founder of the Gupta dynasty and empire
(see GUPTA), the most extensive since the days of Asoka. He was
succeeded by Chandragupta II. Vikramaditya, whose court and
administration are described by the Chinese pilgrim Fa-hien, and who is
supposed to have been the original of the mythical king Vikramaditya,
who figures largely in Indian legends. The later Guptas were overwhelmed
(c. 470) by the White Huns, or Ephthalites (q.v.), who after breaking
the power of Persia and assailing the Kushan kingdom of Kabul, had
poured into India, conquered Sind, and established their rule as far
south as the Nerbudda. The dominion of the Huns in India, as elsewhere,
was a mere organization for brigandage on an imperial scale and it did
not long survive. It was shaken (c. 528) by the defeat, at the hands of
tributary princes goaded to desperation, of Mihiragula, the most
powerful and bloodthirsty of its rulers--the "Attila of India." It
collapsed with the overthrow of the central power of the White Huns on
the Oxus (c. 565) by the Turks. Though, however, this stopped the
incursions of Asiatic hordes from the north-west, and India was to
remain almost exempt from foreign invasion for some 500 years, the
Ephthalite conquest added new and permanent elements to the Indian
population. After the fall of the central power, the scattered Hunnish
settlers, like so many before them, became rapidly Hinduized, and are
probably the ancestors of some of the most famous Rajput clans.[8]
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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