An interesting chapter in the history of the modern development of Hindu
law is that of the practice of what we call Suttee, though, properly
speaking, the native term (_Sati_) denotes, not a practice, but a
person, i.e. a faithful wife. The practice in question is that of the
widow burning herself with her husband when his body is burned after his
death. This, according to Hindu ideas, is a laudable act of devotion on
the part of the widow, and when Great Britain first began to administer
the law in India it was not uncommon. The newcomers had not as yet taken
upon themselves the responsibility of altering the law, but of course
British officers did what they could to discourage the practice, and
especially to prevent any pressure being put upon the widow to perform
the sacrifice. They could also take advantage of any circumstance which
would render the case an improper one for the performance of the
sacrifice, as, for example, that compulsion had been put upon the widow,
or that the burning did not take place with the body of the husband. But
if the proceedings were according to Hindu notions regular, it was
contrary to the principles on which the governor-general then acted to
interfere, and British officers had frequently to stand by, and, by not
interfering, to give a sort of sanction to the sacrifice. When later the
servants of the East India company began to assume a more direct
responsibility for the government of the country, many suggestions were
made for legislative interference. But, acting on the salutary
principle that it was unwise to interfere in any way with the religion
of the people, the government abstained from doing so. In the meantime a
considerable body of opinion against the practice had grown up amongst
Hindus themselves, and at length the government thought it safe to
interfere. By Regulation XVII. of 1829 widow-burning was declared to be
a criminal offence. The measure produced no serious opposition. There
was hardly a single prosecution under this Regulation; and from this
time the practice of widow-burning has entirely disappeared from that
part of India which is under British rule.
Father and son.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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