Arima Hiogo Salt 100 Asama Nagano Pure 111--127 Asamushi Aomori Salt 134--168 Atami Shizuoka " 131--226 Beppu Oita Carbonic Acid 109--132 Bessho Nagano Pure or Sulphurous 108--113 Dogo Ehime Pure 70--110 Hakone Kanagawa Pure, Salt or Sulphurous 98--168 Higashi-yama Fukushima Pure or Salt 117--144 Ikao Gumma Salt 111--127 Isobe " " Cold Kusatsu " Sulphurous 127--148 Nasu Tochigi Sulphurous 162--172 Noboribetsu Ishikari " 125 Shibu Nagano Salt 98--115 Chiuzenji Shizuoka Carbonate of Soda and Sulphur 114--185 Takarazuka Hiogo Carbonic Acid Cold Ureshino Saga " 230 Unzen Nagasaki Sulphurous 158--204 Wagura Ishikawa Salt 180 Yamashiro " " 165 Yunoshima Hiogo " 104--134 _Climate._--The large extension of the Japanese islands in a northerly and southerly direction causes great varieties of climate. General characteristics are hot and humid though short summers, and long, cold and clear winters. The equatorial currents produce conditions differing from those existing at corresponding latitudes on the neighbouring continent. In Kiushiu, Shikoku and the southern half of the main island, the months of July and August alone are marked by oppressive heat at the sea-level, while in elevated districts a cool and even bracing temperature may always be found, though the direct rays of the sun retain distressing power. Winter in these districts does not last more than two months, from the end of December to the beginning of March; for although the latter month is not free from frost and even snow, the balminess of spring makes itself plainly perceptible. In the northern half of the main island, in Yezo and in the Kuriles, the cold is severe during the winter, which lasts for at least four months, and snow falls sometimes to great depths. Whereas in Tokyo the number of frosty nights during a year does not average much over 60, the corresponding number in Sapporo on the north-west of Yezo is 145. But the variation of the thermometer in winter and summer being considerable--as much as 72° F. in Tokyo--the climate proves somewhat trying to persons of weak constitution. On the other hand,