was by order of Ananus the high priest, in the interval between the death of Festus and the arrival of his successor Albinus, that James was put to death; and his narrative gives the idea of some sort of judicial examination, for he says that along with some others James was brought before an assembly of judges, by whom they were condemned and delivered to be stoned. Josephus is also cited by Eusebius (_Hist. Eccl._ ii. 23) to the effect that the miseries of the siege were due to divine vengeance for the murder of James. Later writers describe James as an [Greek: episkopos] (Clem. Al. _apud_ Eus. _Hist. Ecc._ ii. 1) and even as an [Greek: episkopos episkopôn] (Clem. _Hom., ad init._). According to Eusebius (_Hist. Eccl._ vii. 19) his episcopal chair was still shown at Jerusalem at the time when Eusebius wrote. BIBLIOGRAPHY.--In addition to the relevant literature cited above, see the articles under the heading "James" in Hastings's _Dictionary of the Bible_ (Mayor) and _Dictionary of Christ and the Gospels_ (Fulford), and in the _Encycl. Biblica_ (O. Cone); also the introductions to the Commentaries on the Epistle of James by Mayor and Knowling. Zahn has an elaborate essay on _Brüder und Vettern Jesu_ ("The Brothers and Cousins of Jesus") in the _Forschungen zur Geschichte des neutestamentlichen Kanons_, vi. 2 (Leipzig, 1900). (G. Mi.) JAMES I. (1566-1625), king of Great Britain and Ireland, formerly king of Scotland as James VI., was the only child of Mary Queen of Scots, and her second husband, Henry Stewart Lord Darnley. He was born in the castle of Edinburgh on the 19th of June 1566, and was proclaimed king of Scotland on the 24th of July 1567, upon the forced abdication of his mother. Until 1578 he was treated as being incapable of taking any real part in public affairs, and was kept in the castle of Stirling for safety's sake amid the confused fighting of the early years of his minority.