size of a common cat. The dog tribe is represented by the fox-like adjag (_Cuon_ or _Canis sutilans_) which hunts in ferocious packs; and by a wild dog, _Canis tenggeranus_, if this is not now exterminated. The Cheiroptera hold a prominent place in the fauna, the principal genera being _Pteropus_, _Cynonycteris_, _Cynopterus_ and _Macroglossus_. Remarkable especially for size is the kalong, or flying fox, _Pteropus edulis_, a fruit-eating bat, which may be seen hanging during the day in black clusters asleep on the trees, and in the evening hastening in long lines to the favourite feeding grounds in the forest. The damage these do to the young coco-nut trees, the maize and the sugar-palms leads the natives to snare and shoot them; and their flesh is a favourite food with Europeans, who prefer to shoot them by night as, if shot by day, they often cling after death to the branches. Smaller kinds of bats are most abundant, perhaps the commonest being _Scotophilus Temminckii_. In certain places they congregate in myriads, like sea-fowl on the cliffs, and their excrement produces extensive guano deposits utilized by the people of Surakarta and Madiun. The creature known to the Europeans as the flying-cat and to the natives as the kubin is the _Galeopithecus volans_ or _variagatus_--a sort of transition from the bats to the lemuroids. Of these last Java has several species held in awe by the natives for their supposed power of fascination. The apes are represented by the wou-wou (_Hylobates leuciscus_), the lutung, and kowi (_Semnopithecus maurus_ and _pyrrhus_), the surili (_Semnopithecus mitratus_), and the munyuk (_Cercocebus_, or _Macacus, cynamolgos_), the most generally distributed of all. From sunrise to sunset the wou-wou makes its presence known, especially in the second zone where it congregates in the trees, by its strange cry, at times harsh and cacophonous, at times weird and pathetic. The lutung or black ape also prefers the temperate region, though it is met with as high as 7000 ft. above the sea and as low as 2000. The _Cercocebus_ or grey ape keeps for the most part to the warm coast lands. Rats (including the brown Norway rat, often called _Mus javanicus_, as if it were a native; a great plague); mice in great variety; porcupines (_Acanthion javanicum_); squirrels (five species) and flying squirrels (four species) represent the rodents. A hare, _Lepus nigricollis_, originally from Ceylon, has a very limited habitat; the Insectivora comprise a shrew-mouse (_Rachyura indica_), two species of tupaya and _Hylomys suillus_ peculiar to Java and Sumatra. The nearest relation to the bears is _Arctictis binturong_. _Mydaus meliceps_ and _Helictis orientalis_ represent the badgers. In the upper part of the mountains occurs _Mustela Henrici_, and an otter (_Aonyx leptonyx_) in the streams of the hot zone. The coffee rat (_Paradoxurus