Though the common jay of Europe inhabits nearly the whole of this quarter of the globe south of 64° N. lat., its territory in the east of Russia is also occupied by _G. brandti_, a kindred form, which replaces it on the other side of the Ural, and ranges thence across Siberia to Japan; and again on the lower Danube and thence to Constantinople the nearly allied _G. krynicki_ (which alone is found in southern Russia, Caucasia and Asia Minor) shares its haunts with it.[1] It also crosses the Mediterranean to Algeria and Morocco; but there, as in southern Spain, it is probably but a winter immigrant. The three forms just named have the widest range of any of the genus. Next to them come _G. atricapillus_, reaching from Syria to Baluchistan, _G. japonicus_, the ordinary jay of southern Japan, and _G. sinensis_, the Chinese bird. Other forms have a much more limited area, as _G. cervicalis_, the local and resident jay of Algeria, _G. hyrcanus_, found on the southern shores of the Caspian Sea, and _G. taevanus_, confined to the island of Formosa. The most aberrant of the true jays is _G. lidthi_, a very rare species, which seems to come from some part of Japan (_vide_ Salvadori, _Atti Accad. Torino_, vii. 474), though its exact locality is not known. Leaving the true jays of the genus _Garrulus_, it is expedient next to consider those of a group named, in 1831, _Perisoreus_ by Prince C. L. Bonaparte (_Saggio_, &c., _Anim. Vertebrati_, p. 43) and _Dysornithia_ by Swainson (_F. B.-Americana_, ii. 495).[2] [Illustration: FIG. 2.--American Blue Jay.]