[2] Recent writers have preferred the former name, though it was only used sub-generically by its author, who assigned to it no characters, which the inventor of the latter was careful to do, regarding it at the same time as a genus. [3] In this it was described and figured (_F. B. Americana_, ii. 296, pl. 55) as a distinct species, _G. brachyrhynchus_. [4] The birds known as blue jays in India and Africa are rollers (q.v.). JEALOUSY (adapted from Fr. _jalousie_, formed from _jaloux_, jealous, Low Lat. _zelosus_, Gr. [Greek: zêlos], ardour, zeal, from the root seen in [Greek: zéein], to boil, ferment; cf. "yeast"), originally a condition of zealous emulation, and hence, in the usual modern sense, of resentment at being (or believing that one is or may be) supplanted or preferred in the love or affection of another, or in the enjoyment of some good regarded as properly one's own. Jealousy is really a form of envy, but implies a feeling of personal claim which in envy or covetousness is wanting. The jealousy of God, as in Exod. xx. 5, "For I, the Lord thy God, am a jealous God," has been defined by Pusey (_Minor Prophets_, 1860) as the attribute "whereby he does not endure the love of his creatures to be transferred from him." "Jealous," by etymology, is however, only another form of "zealous," and the identity is exemplified by such expressions as "I have been very jealous for the Lord God of Hosts" (1 Kings xix. 10). A kind of glass, thick, ribbed and non-transparent, was formerly known as "jealous-glass," and this application is seen in the borrowed French word _jalousie_, a blind or shutter, made of slats of wood, which slope in such a way as to admit air and a certain amount of light, while excluding rain and sun and inspection from without. JEAN D'ARRAS, a 15th-century _trouvère_, about whose personal history nothing is known, was the collaborator with Antoine du Val and Fouquart de Cambrai in the authorship of a collection of stories entitled _Évangiles de quenouille_. They purport to record the narratives of a group of ladies at their spinning, who relate the current theories on a great variety of subjects. The work dates from the middle of the 15th century and is of considerable value for the light it throws on medieval manners. There were many editions of this book in the 15th and 16th centuries, one of which was printed by Wynkyn de Worde in English, as _The Gospelles of Dystaves_. A modern edition (Collection Jannet) has a preface by Anatole France. Another _trouvère_, JEAN D'ARRAS who flourished in the second half of the 14th century, wrote, at the request of John, duke of Berry, a long prose romance entitled _Chronique de la princesse_. It relates with many digressions the antecedents and life of the fairy Mélusine (q.v.).