The special points which have to be noticed in the records for this
brief period (1 Kings xvii.-2 Kings xi.) concern both literary and
historical criticism.[15] A number of narratives illustrate the work
of the prophets, and sometimes purely political records appear to have
been used for the purpose (see ELIJAH; ELISHA). If Elijah is the
prophet of the fall of Omri's dynasty, Elisha is no less the prophet
of Jehu and his successors; and it is extremely probable that his
lifework was confined to the dynasty which he inaugurated.[16] In the
present narratives, however, the stories in which he possesses
influence with king and court are placed before the rise of Jehu, and
some of them point to a state of hostility with Damascus before he
foresees the atrocities which Hazael will perpetrate. But Ahab's wars
with Syria can with difficulty be reconciled with the Assyrian
evidence (see AHAB), and the narratives, largely anonymous, agree in a
singular manner with what is known of the serious conflicts which, it
is said, began in Jehu's time. Moreover, the account of the joint
undertaking by Judah (under Jehoshaphat) and Israel against Syria at
Ramoth-Gilead at the time of Ahab's death, and again (under Ahaziah)
when Jehoram was wounded, shortly before the accession of Jehu, are
historical doublets, and they can hardly be harmonized either with the
known events of 854 and 842 or with the course of the intervening
years. Further, all the traditions point clearly to the very close
union of Israel and Judah at this period, a union which is apt to be
obscured by the fact that the annalistic summaries of each kingdom are
mainly independent. Thus we may contrast the favourable Judaean view
of Jehoshaphat with the condemnation passed upon Ahab and Jezebel,
whose daughter Athaliah married Jehoram, son of Jehoshaphat. It is
noteworthy, also, that an Ahaziah and a Jehoram appear as kings of
Israel, and (in the reverse order) of Judah, and somewhat similar
incidents recur in the now separate histories of the two kingdoms. The
most striking is a great revolt in south Palestine. The alliance
between Jehoshaphat and Ahab doubtless continued when the latter was
succeeded by his son Ahaziah, and some disaster befell their trading
fleet in the Gulf of Akaba (1 Kings xxii. 48 seq.; 2 Chron. xx.
35-37). Next came the revolt of Moab (2 Kings i. 1), and Ahaziah,
after the briefest of reigns, was followed by Jehoram, whose Judaean
contemporary was Jehoshaphat (ch. iii.), or perhaps rather his own
namesake (i. 17). The popular story of Jehoram's campaign against
Moab, with which Edom was probably allied (see MOAB), hints at a
disastrous ending, and the Judaean annals, in their turn, record the
revolt of Edom and the Philistine Libnah (see PHILISTINES), and allude
obscurely to a defeat of the Judaean Jehoram (2 Kings viii. 20-22).
Further details in 2 Chron. xxi.-xxii.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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