longer strong enough to encounter such a formidable armament on the open sea, his operations were limited to blockading the Swedish ports and transporting troops to Rügen. After the peace of Lund Juel showed himself an administrator and reformer of the first order, and under his energetic supervision the Danish navy ultimately reached imposing dimensions, especially after Juel became chief of the admiralty in 1683. Personally Juel was the noblest and most amiable of men, equally beloved and respected by his sailors, simple, straightforward and unpretentious in all his ways. During his latter years he was popularly known in Copenhagen as "the good old knight." He died on the 8th of April 1697. See Garde, _Niels Juel_ (1842), and _Den dansk. norske Sömagts Historie, 1535-1700_ (1861). (R. N. B.) JUG, a vessel for holding liquid, usually with one handle and a lip, made of earthenware, glass or metal. The origin of the word in this sense is uncertain, but it is probably identical with a shortened form of the feminine name Joan or Joanna; cf. the similar use of Jack and Jill or Gill for a drinking-vessel or a liquor measure. It has also been used as a common expression for a homely woman, a servant-girl, a sweetheart, sometimes in a sense of disparagement. In slang, "jug" or "stone-jug" is used to denote a prison; this may possibly be an adaptation of Fr. _joug_, yoke, Lat. _jugum_. The word "jug" is probably onomatopoeic when used to represent a particular note of the nightingale's song, or applied locally to various small birds, as the hedge-jug, &c. The British Museum contains a remarkable bronze jug which was found at Kumasi during the Ashanti Expedition of 1896. It dates from the reign of Richard II., and is decorated in relief with the arms of England and the badge of the king. It has a lid, spout and handle, which ends in a quatrefoil. An inscription, on three raised bands round the body of the vessel, modernized runs:--"He that will not spare when he may shall not spend when he would. Deem the best in every doubt till the truth be tried out." The _British Museum Guide to the Medieval Room_ contains an illustration of this vessel. A particular form of jug is the "ewer," the precursor of the ordinary bedroom jug (an adaptation of O. Fr. _ewaire_, med. Lat. _aquaria_, water-pitcher, from _aqua_, water). The ewer was a jug with a wide spout, and was principally used at table for pouring water over the hands after eating, a matter of some necessity before the introduction of forks. Early ewers are sometimes mounted on three feet, and bear inscriptions such as _Venez laver_. A basin of similar material and design accompanied the ewer. In the 13th and 14th centuries a special type of metal ewer takes the form of animals, men on horseback, &c.; these are generally known as _aquamaniles_, from med. Lat. _aqua manile_ or _aqua manale_ (_aqua_, water, and _manare_, to trickle, pour, drip). The British Museum contains several examples.