Some beautiful renderings of Kalir's poems may be found in the volumes of Davis & Adler's edition of the German Festival Prayers entitled _Service of the Synagogue_. KALISCH, ISIDOR (1816-1886), Jewish divine, was born at Krotoschin in Prussia on the 15th of November 1816, and was educated at Berlin, Breslau and Prague. In 1848 he came to London, but passed on in 1849 to America, where he ministered as rabbi in Cleveland, Cincinnati, Milwaukee, Detroit and Newark, New Jersey. At Newark from 1875 he gave himself entirely to literary work, and exercised a strong influence as leader of the radical and reforming Jewish party. Among his works are _Wegweisen fur rationelle Forschungen in den biblischen Schriften_ (1853); and translations of _Nathan der Weise_ (1869); _Sepher Jezirah_ (1877); and Munz's _History of Philosophy among the Jews_ (1881). He also wrote a good deal of German and Hebrew verse. KALISCH, MARCUS (or MAURICE) (1828-1885), Jewish scholar, was born in Pomerania in 1828, and died in England 1885. He was one of the pioneers of the critical study of the Old Testament in England. At one time he was secretary to the Chief Rabbi; in 1853 he became tutor in the Rothschild family and enjoyed leisure to produce his commentaries and other works. The first instalment of his commentary on the Pentateuch was _Exodus_ (1855); this was followed by _Genesis_ (1858) and _Leviticus_ in two parts (1867-1872). Kalisch wrote before the publication of Wellhausen's works, and anticipated him in some important points. Besides these works, Kalisch published in 1877-1878 two volumes of Bible studies (on _Balaam_ and _Jonah_). He was also author of a once popular Hebrew grammar in two volumes (1862-1863). In 1880 he published _Path and Goal_, a brilliant discussion of human destiny. His commentaries are of permanent value, not only because of the author's originality, but also because of his erudition. No other works in English contain such full citations of earlier literature. (I. A.) KALISPEL, or PEND D'OREILLE, a tribe of North-American Indians of Salishan stock. They formerly ranged the country around Pend d'Oreille Lake, Washington. They number some 600, and are settled on a reservation in Montana.