Consult General L. L. C. Faidherbe and Dr Paul Topinard, _Instructions sur l'anthropologie de l'Algerie_ (Paris, 1874); Melchior Joseph Eugene Daumas, _Le Sahara algerien_ (Paris, 1845) and _Moeurs et coutumes de l'Algerie_ (1857); De Slane's translation of Ibn Khaldun's _Hist. des Berberes_ (Algiers, 1852); Aucapitaine, _Les Kabyles et la colonie de l'Algerie_ (Paris, 1864) and _Les Beni M'zab_ (1868); L.J.A.C. Hanoteau and A. Letourneux, _La Kabylie et les coutumes kabyles_ (Paris, 1893); Charmetant, in _Jahrbucher der Verbreitung des Glaubens_ (1874); Masqueray, _Formation des cites ... de l'Algerie_ (1886); Dugas, _La Kabylie et le peuple kabyle_ (Paris, 1878); Recoux, _La Demographie de l'Algerie_ (Paris, 1880); J. Liorel, _Races berberes: les Kabyles_ (Paris, 1893); MacIver and Wilkin, _Libyan Notes_ (1901). FOOTNOTE: [1] From the enlistment of Kabyles speaking the Zouave dialect the Zouave regiments of the French army came to be so called. KACH GANDAVA, or KACHHI (Kach, Kej, Kiz), a low-lying flat region in Baluchistan separating the Bugti hills from those of Kalat. It is driven, like a wedge, into the frontier mountain system and extends for 150 m. from Jacobabad to Sibi, with nearly as great a breadth at its base on the Sind frontier. Area, 5310 sq. m.; pop. (1901), 82,909. The Mula pass, which connects it with the Kalat highlands, was once (when the ancient city of Kandabel was the capital of Gandava) a much trodden trade highway, and is still a practicable route though no longer a popular one. The soil is fertile wherever it can be irrigated by the floods brought down from the surrounding hills; but much of the central portion is sandy waste. It is traversed by the North-Western railway. The climate is unhealthy in summer, when pestilential hot winds are sometimes destructive to life. The annual rainfall averages only 3 in. Kachhi, though subject to the khan of Kalat, is administered under the tribal system. There are no schools, dispensaries or gaols. See _Baluchistan District Gazetteer_, vol. vi. (Bombay, 1907).