The following are his most important works: his editions of Hippocrates (1839-1861), and of Pliny's _Natural History_ (1848-1850); his translation of Strauss's _Vie de Jésus_ (1839-1840), and Müller's _Manuel de physiologie_ (1851); his edition of the works of Armand Carrel, with notes (1854-1858); the _Histoire de la langue française_, a collection of magazine articles (1862); and his _Dictionnaire de la langue française_ (1863-1872). In the domain of science must be noted his edition, with Charles Robin, of Nysten's _Dictionnaire de médicine, de chirurgie_, &c. (1855); in that of philosophy, his _Analyse raisonnée du cours de philosophie positive de M. A. Comte_ (1845); _Application de la philosophie positive au gouvernement_ (1849); _Conservation, révolution et positivisme_ (1852, 2nd ed., with supplement, 1879); _Paroles de la philosophie positive_ (1859); _Auguste Comte et la philosophie positive_ (1863); _La Science au point de vue philosophique_ (1873); _Fragments de philosophie et de sociologie contemporaine_ (1876); and his most interesting miscellaneous works, his _Études et glanures_ (1880); _La Verité sur la mort d'Alexandre le grand_ (1865); _Études sur les barbares et le moyen âge_ (1867); _Médecine et médecins_ (1871); _Littérature et histoire_ (1875); and _Discours de réception à l'Académie française_ (1873). For his life consult C. A. Sainte-Beuve, _Notice sur M. Littré, sa vie et ses travaux_ (1863); and _Nouveaux Lundis_, vol. v.; also the notice by M. Durand-Gréville in the _Nouvelle Revue_ of August 1881; E. Caro, _Littré et le positivisme_ (1883); Pasteur, _Discours de réception_ at the Academy, where he succeeded Littré, and a reply by E. Renan. (H. M. S.) LITURGY (Low Lat. _liturgia_; Gr. [Greek: leitos], public, and [Greek: ergon], work; [Greek: leitourgos], a public servant), in the technical language of the Christian Church, the order for the celebration and administration of the Eucharist. In Eastern Christendom the Greek word [Greek: leitourgia] is used in this sense exclusively. But in English-speaking countries the word "liturgy" has come to be used in a more popular sense to denote any or all of the various services of the Church, whether contained in separate volumes or bound up together in the form of a Book of Common Prayer. In this article the liturgy is treated in the former and stricter sense. (For the ancient Athenian [Greek: leitourgiai], as forms of taxation, see FINANCE.) In order to understand terms and references it will be convenient to give the tabular form the chief component parts of a liturgy, selecting the Liturgy of Rome as characteristic of Western, and that of Constantinople as characteristic of Eastern, Christendom; at the same time appending an explanation of some of the technical words which must be employed in enumerating those parts. ORDER OF THE ROMAN LITURGY _Ordinary of the Mass_.