The general effect of Livy's narrative is no doubt a little spoilt by
the awkward arrangement, adopted from his authorities, which obliges
him to group the events by years, and thus to disturb their natural
relations and continuity. As the result his history has the appearance
of being rather a series of brilliant pictures loosely strung together
than a coherent narrative. But it is impossible not to admire the
copious variety of thought and language, and the evenly flowing style
which carried him safely through the dreariest periods of his history;
and still more remarkable is the dramatic power he displays when some
great crisis or thrilling episode stirs his blood, such as the sack of
Rome by the Gauls, the battle by the Metaurus and the death of
Hasdrubal.
In style and language Livy represents the best period of Latin prose
writing. He has passed far beyond the bald and meagre diction of the
early chroniclers. In his hands Latin acquired a flexibility and a
richness of vocabulary unknown to it before. If he writes with less
finish and a less perfect rhythm than his favourite model Cicero, he
excels him in the varied structure of his periods, and their
adaptation to the subject-matter. It is true that here and there the
"creamy richness" of his style becomes verbosity, and that he
occasionally draws too freely on his inexhaustible store of epithets,
metaphors and turns of speech; but these faults, which did not escape
the censure even of friendly critics like Quintilian, are
comparatively rare in the extant parts of his work. From the tendency
to use a poetic diction in prose, which was so conspicuous a fault in
the writers of the silver age, Livy is not wholly free. In his earlier
books especially there are numerous phrases and sentences which have
an unmistakably poetic ring, recalling sometimes Ennius and more often
his contemporary Virgil. But in Livy this poetic element is kept
within bounds, and serves only to give warmth and vividness to the
narrative. Similarly, though the influence of rhetoric upon his
language, as well as upon his general treatment, is clearly
perceptible, he has not the perverted love of antithesis, paradox and
laboured word-painting which offends us in Tacitus; and, in spite of
the Venetian richness of his colouring, and the copious flow of his
words, he is on the whole wonderfully natural and simple.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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