which, as was the case with the double electoral returns from Florida, Oregon and South Carolina, were adjudicated by the Electoral Commission in favour of the Republican electors voting for Hayes. Civil war being threatened within the state President Hayes sent to Louisiana a commission composed of Wayne McVeagh, Gen. J. R. Hawley, Charles B. Lawrence, J. M. Harlan, and John C. Brown, ex-Governor of Tennessee, which was instructed to promote "an acknowledgment of one government within the state." The rival legislatures united, organizing under the Nicholls government, which the commission found was upheld by public opinion. The president ordered the withdrawal of Federal troops from the capitol on the 20th of April 1877, and the white party was thus left in control. After 1877 the state prospered markedly in all material respects. Of subsequent political events perhaps the most notable, besides the practical disfranchisement of the negroes, are those connected with the Louisiana State Lottery Company (1868-1893). For the renewal of its privileges in 1890 the company finally agreed to give the state $1,250,000 yearly, and despite strenuous opposition by a powerful party the legislature voted a renewal, but this measure was vetoed by the governor. The United States government, however, forbade lotteries the use of the mails, and the company withdrew its offers. The constitution of 1898 prohibits lotteries and the sale of lottery tickets within the state. In 1891 the lynching of eleven Italians at New Orleans gave rise to grave difficulties involving Italy, the United States, and the state of Louisiana. Since 1900 a white Republican Party has made some headway in Louisiana politics, but in national and state elections the state has been uninterruptedly and overwhelmingly Democratic since 1877. GOVERNORS OF LOUISIANA[5] _French Domination 1682-1762._ A. le Moyne, Sieur de Sauvolle (died in office) 1699-1701 J. B. le Moyne, Sieur de Bienville 1701-1713 M. de Muys, appointed 1707, died en route, Bienville continuing to serve. Lamothe Cadillac 1713-1716 Sieur de Bienville, acting governor 1716-1717 De l'Épinay 1717-1718 Sieur de Bienville 1718-1724 Boisbriant, _ad interim_ 1724-1726 Périer 1726-1733 Sieur de Bienville 1733-1743 Marquis de Vaudreuil 1743-1753 L. Billouart, Chevalier de Kerlerec 1753-1763 D'Abbadie 1763-1765 Philippe Aubry 1765-1769 _Spanish Domination 1762 (1769)-1803._