The main authorities for the life and reign of Lothair are: "Vita Norberti archiepiscopi Magdeburgensis"; Otto von Freising, "Chronicon Annalista Saxo" and "Narratio de electione Lotharii" all in the _Monumenta Germaniae historica_. _Scriptores_, Bände vi., xii. and xx. (Hanover and Berlin, 1826-1892). The best modern works are: L. von Ranke, _Weltgeschichte_, pt. viii. (Leipzig, 1887-1888); W. von Giesebrecht, _Geschichte der Deutschen Kaiserzeit_, Band iv. (Brunswick, 1877), Band v. (Leipzig, 1888); Ph. Jaffe, _Geschichte des Deutschen Reiches unter Lothar_ (Berlin, 1843); W. Bernhardi, _Lothar von Supplinburg_ (Leipzig, 1879); O. von Heinemann, _Lothar der Sachse und Konrad III._ (Halle, 1869); and Ch. Volkmar, "Das Vërhältniss Lothars III. zur Investiturfrage," in the _Forschungen zur Deutschen Geschichte_, Band xxvi. (Göttingen, 1862-1886). LOTHAIR (941-986), king of France, son of Louis IV., succeeded his father in 954, and was at first under the guardianship of Hugh the Great, duke of the Franks, and then under that of his maternal uncle Bruno, archbishop of Cologne. The beginning of his reign was occupied with wars against the vassals, particularly against the duke of Normandy. Lothair then seems to have conceived the design of recovering Lorraine. He attempted to precipitate matters by a sudden attack, and in the spring of 978 nearly captured the emperor Otto II. at Aix-la-Chapelle. Otto took his revenge in the autumn by invading France. He penetrated as far as Paris, devastating the country through which he passed, but failed to take the town, and was forced to retreat with heavy loss. Peace was concluded in 980 at Margut-sur-Chiers, and in 983 Lothair was even chosen guardian to the young Otto III. Towards 980, however, Lothair quarrelled with Hugh the Great's son, Hugh Capet, who, at the instigation of Adalberon, archbishop of Reims, became reconciled with Otto III. Lothair died on the 2nd of March 986. By his wife Emma, daughter of Lothair, king of Italy, he left a son who succeeded him as Louis V. See F. Lot, _Les Derniers Carolingiens_ (Paris, 1891); and the _Recueil des actes de Lothaire et de Louis V._, edited by L. Halphen and F. Lot (1908).