[5] Some have seen a reference to this work in 1 Tim. vi. 20.--(ED.) MARCOMANNI (i.e. men of the mark, or border), the name of a Suevic tribe. With kindred peoples they were often in conflict with the Roman Empire, and gave their name to the Marcomannic War, a struggle waged by the emperor Marcus Aurelius against them and the Quadi. The Marcomanni disappeared from history during the 4th century, being probably merged in the Baiouarii, the later Bavarians. See SUEBI; also F. M. Wittmann, _Die älteste Geschichte der Markomannen_ (Munich, 1855), and E. Devrient, "Hermunduren und Markomannen" in _Neues Jahrb. f. das klassische Altertum_ (1901), 51. MARCOS DE NIZA (c. 1495-1558), a Franciscan friar born in Nice about 1495. He went to America in 1531, and after serving his order zealously in Peru, Guatemala and Mexico, was chosen to explore the country north of Sonora, whose wealth was pictured in the hearsay stories of Alvar Nunez Cabeza de Vaca. Preceded by Estevanico, the negro companion of Cabeza de Vaca in his wanderings and the "Black Mexican" of Zuni traditions, Fray Marcos left Culiacan in March 1539, crossed south-eastern Arizona, penetrated to Zuni or the "Seven Cities of Cibola," and in September returned to Culiacan. He saw Zuni only from a distance, and his description of it as equal in size to the city of Mexico was probably exact; but he embodied much mere hearsay in his report, the _Descubrimiento de las siete ciudades_, which led F. V. de Coronado to make his famous expedition next year to Zuni, of which Fray Marcos was the guide; and the realities proved a great disappointment. Fray Marcos was made Provincial of his order for Mexico before the second trip to Zuni, and returned in 1541 to the capital, where he died on the 25th of March 1558. The _Descubrimiento_ is one of the world's famous narratives of travel. It may be found in J. F. Pacheco's _Documentos_ (vol. iii.) and Hakluyt's _Voyages_ (vol. iii.); also in G. Ramusio, _Navigazione_ (vol. iii.) and H. Ternaux-Compans, _Voyages_ (vol. iii.). See A. F. A. Bandelier, _The Gilded Man_ (_El Dorado_), (New York, 1893); H. H. Bancroft, _Arizona and New Mexico_ (San Francisco, 1888), and, for critical opinions, G. P. Winship, "The Coronado Expedition," in _U.S. Bureau of Ethnology, Fourteenth Annual Report_ (for 1892-1893), (Washington, 1896).