Among the books written in common by the brothers, the most famous is the series known under the collective title, _Une Époque_, dealing with the events of 1870-1871, and including the novels _Le Désastre_ (1898), _Les Tronçons du glaive_ (1900), _Les Braves gens_ (1901), _La Commune_ (1904). They also collaborated in an _Histoire de la guerre de 1870-1877_ (1903). These books were founded on a mass of documentary and verbal information, amassed with great care and arranged with admirable art; the authors are historians rather than novelists. The disasters and humiliations of the campaigns are faithfully described, but are traced to defects of organization and leadership; while the courage and patriotism of the army itself is made the basis of an assured confidence in the destinies of France. _La Commune_ is a bold indictment of the methods adopted by the victorious party. The novelists also attacked the laws governing marriage and divorce and the abuses entailed by the dowry demanded from the bride, in pamphlets and in the novels, _Femmes nouvelles_ (1899), _Les Deux vies_ (1902), and _Le Prisme_ (1905). Their literary partnership was dissolved in 1907. Paul Marguerite was one of the original members of the Académie de Goncourt. See _P. et V. Margueritte_ (1905) by E. Pilon, in the series of _Célébrités d'aujourd'hui_, and A. France, _La Vie littéraire_ (4th series, 1892). MARHEINEKE, PHILIP KONRAD (1780-1846), German Protestant divine, was born at Hildesheim, Hanover, on the 1st of May 1780. He studied at Göttingen, and in 1805 was appointed professor extraordinarius of philosophy at Erlangen; in 1807 he moved to Heidelberg. In 1811 he became professor ordinarius at Berlin, where from 1820 he was also preacher at Trinity Church and worked with Schleiermacher. When he died, on the 31st of May 1846, he was a member of the supreme consistorial council. At first influenced by Schelling, Marheineke found a new master in Hegel, and came to be regarded as the leader of the Hegelian Right. He sought to defend and explain all the orthodox doctrines of the Church in an orthodox way in the terms of Hegel's philosophy. The dogmatic system that resulted from this procedure was inevitably more Hegelian than Christian; it was in fact an essentially new form of Christianity. Marheineke's developed views on dogmatics are given in the third edition (1847) of his _Die Grundlehren der christlichen Dogmatik als Wissenschaft_. When he published the first edition (1819) he was still under the influence of Schelling; the second edition (1827) marked his change of view. His works on symbolics show profound scholarship, keen critical insight, and rare impartiality. The _Christliche Symbolik_ (1810-1814) has been pronounced his masterpiece.