[24] J. G. Kohl published facsimiles of the American section of the maps (Weimar, 1860). [25] Facsimiles of the maps of 1507 and 1517 were published by J. Fischer and F. M. von Wieser (Innsbruck, 1903). [26] See "The Survey in British Africa": the _Annual Report_ of the Colonial Survey Commission. [27] A. Germain, _Traité des Projections_ (Paris, 1865). [28] T. Craig, _A Treatise on Projections_ (U.S. Coast and Geodetic Survey, Washington, 1882). [29] This error is much less than that which may be expected from contraction and expansion of the paper upon which the projection is drawn or printed. MAPLE, SIR JOHN BLUNDELL, BART. (1845-1903), English business magnate, was born on the 1st of March 1845. His father, John Maple (d. 1900), had a small furniture shop in Tottenham Court Road, London, and his business began to develop about the time that his son entered it. The practical management soon devolved on the younger Maple, under whom it attained colossal dimensions. The firm became a limited liability company, with a capital of two millions, in 1890, with Mr Maple as chairman. He entered parliament as Conservative member for Dulwich in 1887, was knighted in 1892, and was made a baronet in 1897. He was the owner of a large stud of race-horses, and from 1885 onwards won many important races, appearing at first under the name of "Mr Childwick." His public benefactions included a hospital and a recreation ground to the city of St Albans, near which his residence, Childwickbury, was situated, and the rebuilding, at a cost of more than £150,000, of University College Hospital, London. He died on the 24th of November 1903. His only surviving daughter married in 1896 Baron von Eckhardstein, of the German Embassy. MAPLE, in botany. The maple (O.E. _mapel-tréow, mapulder_) and sycamore trees are species of _Acer_, of the order _Acerineae_. The genus includes about sixty species, natives of Europe, North America and Asia, especially the Himalayas, China and Japan. Maples are for the most part trees with opposite, long-stalked, palmately lobed leaves. The flowers are in fascicles, appearing before the leaves as in the Norway maple, or in racemes or panicles appearing with, or later than, the leaves as in sycamore. Some of the flowers are often imperfect, the stamens or pistil being more or less aborted. The fruit is a two-winged "samara." The genus was represented in the Tertiary flora of Europe, when it extended into the polar regions; nineteen species have been recorded from the Miocene strata of Oeningen in Switzerland. The common maple, _A. campestre_, is the only species indigenous to Great Britain. This and the sycamore were described by Gerard in 1597 (_Herball_, p. 1299), the latter being "a stranger to England." Many species have been introduced, especially from Japan, for ornamental purposes. The following are more especially worthy of notice.