When Charles, a week later, passed Baturin by, all that remained of the Cossack capital was a heap of smouldering mills and ruined houses. The total destruction of Baturin, almost in sight of the Swedes, overawed the bulk of the Cossacks into obedience, and Mazepa's ancient prestige was ruined in a day when the metropolitan of Kiev solemnly excommunicated him from the high altar, and his effigy, after being dragged with contumely through the mud at Kiev, was publicly burnt by the common hangman. Henceforth Mazepa, perforce, attached himself to Charles. What part he took at the battle of Poltava is not quite clear. After the catastrophe he accompanied Charles to Turkey with some 1500 horsemen (the miserable remnant of his 80,000 warriors). The sultan refused to surrender him to the tsar, though Peter offered 300,000 ducats for his head. He died at Bender on the 22nd of August 1709. See N. I. Kostomarov, _Mazepa and the Mazepanites_ (Russ.) (St Petersburg), 1885; R. Nisbet Bain, _The First Romanovs_ (London, 1905); S. M. Solovev, _History of Russia_ (Russ.), vol. xv. (St Petersburg, 1895). (R. N. B.) MAZER, the name of a special type of drinking vessel, properly made of maple-wood, and so-called from the spotted or "birds-eye" marking on the wood (Ger. _Maser_, spot, marking, especially on wood; cf. "measles"). These drinking vessels are shallow bowls without handles, with a broad flat foot and a knob or boss in the centre of the inside, known technically as the "print." They were made from the 13th to the 16th centuries, and were the most prized of the various wooden cups in use, and so were ornamented with a rim of precious metal, generally of silver or silver gilt; the foot and the "print" being also of metal. The depth of the mazers seems to have decreased in course of time, those of the 16th century that survive being much shallower than the earlier examples. There are examples with wooden covers with a metal handle, such as the Flemish and German mazers in the Franks Bequest in the British Museum. On the metal rim is usually an inscription, religious or bacchanalian, and the "print" was also often decorated. The later mazers sometimes had metal straps between the rim and the foot. A very fine mazer with silver gilt ornamentation 3 in. deep and 9½ in. in diameter was sold in the Braikenridge collection in 1908 for £2300. It bears the London hall-mark of 1534. This example is illustrated in the article PLATE: see also DRINKING VESSELS. MAZURKA (Polish for a woman of the province of Mazovia), a lively dance, originating in Poland, somewhat resembling the polka.It is danced in couples, the music being in 3/8 or ¾ time.