Engineers and their triumphs: the story of the locomotive, the steamship, bridge building, tunnel makingHolmes, F. M. (Frederic Morell)
History
Engineers and their triumphs: the story of the locomotive, the steamship, bridge building, tunnel making
Holmes, F. M. (Frederic Morell)
Engineering; Engineers
Jemmy’s prediction has been amply verified, for almost every year since
the compound engine came largely into use, has witnessed a greater
speed in ocean steamers.
And the speed has not been obtained at sacrifice of comfort. On the
contrary, an ocean passenger steamer belonging to any of the great
passenger lines is something like a floating palace.
After the _Britannic_ and _Germanic_ appeared, line after line put
forth fine vessels; and in 1889 was launched the White Star steamer
_Teutonic_, which for some time held the proud position of the
fastest ship on the Atlantic. She had crossed in 5 days, 16 hours,
31 minutes. The average of several trips, both for herself and her
sister _Majestic_, was 5 days, 18 hours, 6 minutes. And they were run
very close by the American liners, _Paris_ and _New York_. These four
vessels were among the first propelled by twin-screws. Engineers began
to see that it was better to use great power in two shafts and two
propellers than in one.
In July, 1892, the fine Inman (now called American) liner _Paris_
crossed the Atlantic in 5 days, 15 hours, and 58 minutes, and in
October of the same year the same vessel steamed from Liverpool,
touching as usual at Queenstown, in 6 days, 2 hours, and 24
minutes—including the time at the Irish port. This was then the
quickest time on record for the entire journey. From Queenstown to
Sandy Hook the time was 5 days, 14 hours, and 24 minutes, a gain of 1
hour and 34 minutes on her voyage in the previous July. Her best day’s
run was 530 knots.
The contest, therefore, between the two White Stars and the two Inmans
has been very close, the record time resting now with the one and then
with the other.
But the Cunard Company, not to be beaten, put on the _Campania_ in
1893, and in April of that year she made the fastest maiden trip then
on record, one day indeed compassing 545 knots in the 24 hours.
The _Campania_ is 625 feet long by 65¼ feet broad, and 43 feet deep
from the upper deck. Her gross tonnage is 12,950. She is fitted with a
cellular double bottom extending fore and aft, and also with sixteen
bulkheads, so arranged that the vessel would float even if two, or in
some cases three, compartments were open to the ocean.
She is a twin-screw vessel, fitted with two sets of very powerful
triple-expansion engines. They are seated in two separate engine-rooms
with a dividing bulkhead and water-tight doors.
Each set of engines has five inverted cylinders—viz., two
high-pressure, one intermediate, and two low-pressure—all arranged to
work on three cranks set at an angle of 120 degrees to each other. Her
indicated horse-power is 30,000. The boiler-rooms are doubly cased, the
space between being fitted with nonconducting material for sound and
heat.
[Illustration: HIGH AND LOW PRESSURE CYLINDERS OF THE “CAMPANIA’S”
ENGINES.]
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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