In 1640 a party of English settlers from New Haven obtained deeds to the soil on Long Island from Farrett, agent of Sir William Alexander, and settled at Southold; and another party from Massachusetts, more daring still, settled at Schouts Bay, almost opposite to Manhattan. When a force of Dutch troops was sent against them they retired to the east end of the island and settled Southampton. A more adventuresome proceeding was attempted in 1641 when another party from New Haven took the Dutch in the flank by settling on the Delaware. Dutch and Swedes united to drive the intruders away. As if these were not troubles enough, Kieft, in 1642, provoked war with the Indians all along the Hudson. [Footnote 1: Brown, _Genesis of the United States_, I., 8.] [Footnote 2: Bourne, _Spain in America_, chap. x.] [Footnote 3: _Cal. of State Pap., Col._, 1574-1660, pp. 75, 85, 98.] [Footnote 4: Charlevoix, _New France_ (Shea's ed.), I., 106.] [Footnote 5: Hakluyt, _Voyages_, III., 250-297; Charlevoix, _New France_ (Shea's ed.), I., 129-131; cf. Bourne, _Spain in America_, chap. x.] [Footnote 6: Parkman, _Pioneers of France in the New World_, 213, 218.] [Footnote 7: Maine Hist. Soc., _Collections_, 2d series, VII., 2-6.] [Footnote 8: Charlevoix, _New France_ (Shea's ed.), I., 247-263.] [Footnote 9: Maine Hist. Soc., _Collections_, 2d series, VII., 57.] [Footnote 10: Ibid., 82.] [Footnote 11: _Cal. of State Pap., Col._, 1574-1660, pp. 119, 130.] [Footnote 12: Hannay, _Acadia_, 140.] [Footnote 13: Winthrop, _New England_, II., 106, 109.] [Footnote 14: Purchas, _Pilgrimes_, III., 581-596.] [Footnote 15: Brodhead, _New York_, I., 57-62.] [Footnote 16: _N.Y. Docs. Rel. to Col. Hist._, III., 6-8.] [Footnote 17: Maine Hist. Soc., _Collections_, 2d series, VII., 53-56.] [Footnote 18: N.Y. Hist. Soc., _Collections_, 2d series, III., 16, 22.] [Footnote 19: Brodhead, _New York_, I., 222.] [Footnote 20: _Cal. of State Pap., Col._, 1574-1660, p. 154.] [Footnote 21: Brodhead, _New York_, I., 230.] [Footnote 22: Mass. Hist. Soc., _Collections_, 4th series, IX., 125-128.] [Footnote 23: N.Y. Hist. Soc., _Collections_, 2d series, III., 77.] [Footnote 24: Winsor, _Narr. and Crit. Hist._, IV., 443-452.] [Illustration: NEW SWEDEN AND NEW NETHERLAND] CHAPTER XVIII THE NEW ENGLAND CONFEDERATION (1643-1654)