[Footnote 13: _Plymouth Col. Records_, IX., 158.] [Footnote 14: _Mass. Col. Records_, IV., pt. i., II.] [Footnote 15: Winthrop, _New England_, II., 128, 130, 153.] [Footnote 16: Winthrop, _New England_, II., 163, 180, 219, 220.] [Footnote 17: _Plymouth Col. Records_, IX., 59.] [Footnote 18: Winthrop, _New England_, II., 244, 335.] [Footnote 19: Parkman, _Jesuits_, 327-335.] [Footnote 20: Hutchinson, _Massachusetts Bay_, I., 156-158.] [Footnote 21: Winthrop, _New England_, II., 155, 157, 169, 189, 193, 229; Brodhead, _New York_, I., 409.] [Footnote 22: Trumbull, _Connecticut_, I., 158.] [Footnote 23: Winthrop, _New England_, II., 382, 395; Brodhead, _New York_, I. 499.] [Footnote 24: Trumbull, _Connecticut_, I., 189-192.] [Footnote 25: Winthrop, _New England_, II., 325, 337.] [Footnote 26: Trumbull, _Connecticut_, I., 196.] [Footnote 27: _Plymouth Col. Records_, IX., 210-215.] [Footnote 28: _R.I. Col. Records_, I., 266.] [Footnote 29: _Plymouth Col. Records_, X., 102.] [Footnote 30: _Mass. Col. Records_, III., 311.] [Footnote 31: _New Haven Col. Records_, II., 36.] [Footnote 32: Ibid., 37] [Footnote 33: _Conn. Col. Records_, I., 254.] [Footnote 34: Trumbull, _Connecticut_, I., 219, 220.] [Footnote 35: _New Haven Col. Records_, II., iii.] CHAPTER XIX EARLY NEW ENGLAND LIFE (1624-1652) During the civil war in England the sympathies of Massachusetts, of course, were with Parliament. New England ministers were invited to attend the Westminster assembly of divines held in September, 1642, and several of them returned to England. The most prominent was Rev. Hugh Peter, who was instrumental in procuring the decapitation of Charles I., and paid for the offence, on the restoration of Charles II., with his own life. In 1643 Parliament passed an act[1] freeing all commodities carried between England and New England from the payment of "any custom, subsidy, taxation, imposition, or other duty." The transfer of the supreme authority to the Parliament, though hailed with enthusiasm in New England, increased, if anything, her confidence. In the summer of 1644 a ship bearing a commission from the Parliament attacked and captured in the harbor of Boston another ship friendly to the king; Massachusetts showed her displeasure by addressing a strong protest to Parliament. Not long after another vessel of Parliament attacked a ship belonging to persons from Dartmouth in sympathy with the king. This time Winthrop turned the guns of the battery upon the parliamentary captain and made him pay a barrel of powder for his insolence.[2]