A series of chapters in Winsor, _Narrative and Critical History of America_ (vol. IV., chaps, i.-iv.) tell the story of the founding of the French dominion in America. The chief original authorities are Richard Hakluyt, _Voyages_; Samuel de Champlain, _Les Voyages_; Marc Lescarbot, _Histoire de la Nouvelle France_; and the _Jesuit Relations_. For relations with the English the chief original authority is Winthrop. Among the late French writers the pre-eminence is accorded to the Jesuit father Pierre Francois Xavier de Charlevoix, _Histoire de la Nouvelle France_. RIVALRY WITH SPAIN The rivalry of England with Spain, which is the greatest underlying principle of English colonization, is depicted fully in Hakluyt, _Discourses on Western Planting_, written at Raleigh's request and shown to Queen Elizabeth; first printed in 1877 by Dr. Charles Deane in the Maine Hist. Soc., _Collections_ (2d series, II.). The lives of Gilbert and Raleigh were manifestations of this spirit of rivalry, and Edward Edwards, _Life of Sir Walter Raleigh_ (2 vols., 1868), contains the fullest and best account extant of the two half-brothers. In an excellent little work, _Thomas Hariot and His Associates_ (1900), developed by Henry Stevens chiefly from dormant material, we have a most entertaining and interesting account of Thomas Hariot, Sir Humphrey Gilbert, Sir Walter Raleigh, Jacques Le Moyne, Captain John White, and other noble spirits associated in the colonization of America. Compare the critical chapter of E.G. Bourne, _Spain in America_ (_The American Nation_, III.). RELIGIOUS INFLUENCES Religious influences entered largely into the settlement and development of the different colonies in America. The chief authorities on the subject are James Carwithen, _History of the Church of England_ (1849); Daniel Neal, _History of the Puritans_ (1844); Anderson, _History of the Church of England in the Colonies_ (2 vols., 2d ed., 1856); William Stevens Perry, _History of the American Episcopal Church_ (2 vols., 1885); Francis Lister Hawks, _Contributions to the Ecclesiastical History of the United States_ (2 vols., 1836-1839). William Meade, _Old Churches in Virginia_ (2 vols., 1857), tells much about the early church in Virginia. In the _Johns Hopkins University Studies_ are Paul E. Lauer, _Church and State in New England_, X., Nos. ii., iii.; and George Petrie, _Church and State in Maryland_, X., No. iv. SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC CONDITIONS