#11# #22 27# #5 28# JONES & LAMSON MACH. PRATT & WHITNEY WINCHESTER REPEATING CO. Hartford. Conn. ARMS CO. Turret lathes, etc. Gun machinery, New Haven, Conn. machine tools, etc. “Model ’66” Winchester, etc. #10 22 29# #30# BILLINGS & SPENCER HARTFORD MACH. SCR. CO. Drop Hammers, Drop Forgings, etc. Automatic Lathes, Screw Machine Billings apprentice at Robbins & Products Lawrence. Fairfield and Spencer. Both worked Billings and Spencer worked at at Colt’s Colt’s. *30* FIGURE 27. GENEALOGY OF THE NEW ENGLAND GUN MAKERS] As a result of this visit 20,000 interchangeable Enfield rifles were ordered by the English Government, and in 1855, 157 machines for the manufacture of guns were sent to England. These machines comprised seventy-four millers, twenty-three drilling machines, five tapping machines, and seven edging machines. The remainder were special machines for threading, rifling, turning, boring, and so on.[164] In this list of machines scarcely a single lathe is found and no mention is made of any turret machines. Ten or fifteen years later there would have been a large number. James H. Burton, who had been at the Harper’s Ferry armory and was at the time with the Ames Manufacturing Company, went over to England to install the new system and operate the new plant. The Ames Manufacturing Company alone is said to have exported four to five hundred stocking machines of the Blanchard type on these early foreign orders. Within the next fifteen or twenty years nearly every government in Europe was supplied with American gun-making machinery, all planned to operate on the interchangeable system, which was known everywhere as “the American system.” [164] Fitch: “Report on Manufactures of Interchangeable Mechanism,” U. S. Census, 1880. Volume on “Manufactures.” Nasmyth was concerned in the introduction of this machinery into England. His mention of it in his autobiography throws light on how the interchangeable system was looked upon by the English engineers: