turret-head screw machine, 195-196, 207; turret lathe, 197, 199. Howe, Hezekiah: 119. Humphries: suggests invention of large hammer, 93. Hydraulic press: invented by Bramah, 18, 34. Industrial conditions: new elements in 18th century, 1. Ingersoll Milling Machine Co.: 274. Institution of Civil Engineers: founding of, 90. Interchangeable manufacture: rise of, Chapter XI; developed in America, 5, 129; defined, 128; abroad, 138, 140; in France, 129-131; in Hartford, 164; tools for, 142-143. clock, watch and sewing machine industries, 144; Bodmer, 76; Colt, 137, 168; Enfield, 138, 141; Simeon North, 131, 133, 135-136, 137, 162; Robbins & Lawrence, 191; Eli Whitney, 131-133, 136. International Machine Tool Co.: 275. Involute gears: 63, 64, 67, 68, 207. Iron bridge, the first: 15. Iron boats: Wilkinson builds the first, 14; Symington, 14, 82; Brunel, 32; Onions & Sons, 14; Jervons, 14; at Horsley Works, 14; “Great Eastern” and “Great Western,” 32; Fairbairn, 73-74. Jefferson, Thomas: on interchangeable system in France, 129-131; on Whitney, 135. Jenks, Alfred: textile machinery, 123, 246-247. Jenks, Alvin: cotton machinery, 124-125. Jenks, Barton H.: 247. Jenks, Eleazer: spinning machinery, 123. Jenks, Joseph: 115-116, 125. Jenks, Joseph, Jr.: founder of Pawtucket, 118. Jenks, Joseph, 3d: governor of Rhode Island Colony, 118. Jenks, Capt. Stephen: guns, 117; nuts and screws, 124; Jenks & Sons, 125. Jennings gun: origin of, 292-294. Jerome, Chauncey: brass clocks, 144, 171-172, 233. Jervons: iron boat, 14. Jewelry industry in Providence: 126-127. Johnson, Charles: 237. Johnson, Iver: 226. Johnson, Judge: decision, Whitney vs. Fort, 155-157. Jones & Lamson Machine Co.: 191, 193, 194, 197; flat-turret lathe, 198-199; Fay automatic lathe, 200. Kaestner: gearing, 64. Kearney & Trecker: 276. Kempsmith, Frank: 264-265, 271. Kempsmith Manufacturing Co.: 271, 276. Kendall, N., & Co.: 186, 189. Key-seater: 61.