Palmer, Courtland C.: 190. Palmer, Jean Laurent: screw caliper, 212, 213. Palmer & Capron: 127. Parallel motion: 3 note 6. Parkhurst, E. G.: 182. Parks, Edward H.: automatic gear cutters, 214. Pawtucket, R. I.: manufacturing center, 118, 127; Dr. Dwight on, 121; manufactures of, 118-125. Peck: lifter for drop hammer, 143. Pedrick & Ayer: planer, 53. Phelps & Bickford: 222. Phœnix Iron Works: 165. Philadelphia, Pa.: tool builders in, Chapter XIX; early textile machinery, 246. Pin machinery: 233. Pitcher, Larned: Amoskeag Manufacturing Co.: 123; Pitcher & Brown, 124. Pitkin, Henry and James F.: American lever watches, 164. Pitkin, Col. Joseph: pioneer iron worker, 164. Planer: in 18th century, 4; developed in England, 4; Bramah, 18; Clement, 19, 52; inventors of the, Chapter V; early French, 50; Roberts, 51; Murray, 57; Bodmer, 75, 76; Sellers, 248. Plane surfaces, scraping of: Maudslay, 44, 45; Whitworth, 44, 98-101. Plume & Atwood: 234. Plumier: French writer, 50. Pond Machine Tool Co.: 222, 259. Pope Manufacturing Co.: 170. Portsmouth block machinery: influence on general manufacturing, 5; work of Bentham and Brunel, 8, 9, 22, 26, 27, 28; Maudslay’s contribution to, 29, 35; description of, 29, 30, 31; Roberts, 60; Maudslay and Bentham, 89; approaches interchangeable system, 131. Potter & Johnson: 183. Pratt, Francis A.: 137, 170, 177; Lincoln miller, 165, 191. Pratt & Whitney: 137, 178-183; Interchangeable system, 179; gun machinery and manufacture, 179-180, 182; screw threads, 180-182; tool-room lathe, 182; thread-milling, 183; workmen, 183; turret screw machines, 207. Precision gear cutter: 206. Prentice, A. F.: 224. Prentiss, F. F.: 266. Priority in invention: 5. Pritchard, Benjamin: 216. Profiling machine: inventors of, 143. Providence, R. I.: early cannon manufacture, 117; trading center, 118; textile industry, 123; manufactures in, 118-126; jewelry industry of, 126-127. Providence Forge & Nut Co.: 125. Providence Tool Co.: 125; turret screw machine built for, 207; universal miller built for, 209. Providence & Worcester Canal: 219-220. Punching machine, Maudslay’s: 43. Putnam, John: 227-228. Putnam, Salmon W.: 227-228. Putnam Machine Co. Works: 200, 227-228.