English Cathedrals Illustrated: Second and Revised EditionBond, Francis
History
English Cathedrals Illustrated: Second and Revised Edition
Bond, Francis
Cathedrals -- England; Cathedrals -- Wales
I. First, the Norman choir, of three bays with apse and ambulatory, was
pulled down, a broader and longer rectangular choir taking its place. The
outer wall of the new choir was built outside that of the old one, so
that the latter probably was retained in use for some time, as in Selby
choir, while the new works were going on around it. This is borne out by
the fact that, contrary to custom, the new work was not commenced at
the east, but at the west, for the detail is earlier to the west than
to the east. The date 1200 is usually assigned to it. But the entrance
arch of the north choir aisle has the Norman diamond pattern; the square
alternates with the rounded abacus; the piers are heavy, the arches low,
the mouldings large and vigorous, and the foliated capitals at the east
end of both aisles are so archaic in character that it seems decidedly
to have been commenced in the latter years of the Transitional period,
_c._ 1080: it compares with the work at Wells, Chichester Lady chapel,
Boxgrove Priory, St. Thomas’, Portsmouth, and Abbey Dore. Of this work
only the piers and arches of the three western bays, and the sacristy and
treasury, survive.
II. Some twenty or thirty years later the south transept was commenced,
and a little later the north transept. The builders of the choir had
planned it for an aisleless transept. When, therefore, the transepts were
built with eastern aisles, the easternmost windows of the choir aisles
looked into the transept aisles, and no longer into the open air. As the
transepts have no triforium above their aisles, we may conjecture that
neither had the choir.
III. About the same date as the north transept, a chapter-house and
vestibule were built on the north side of the choir, as at Beverley,
Lincoln, and York. This had not been contemplated by the builders of the
choir; consequently the doorway of the vestibule had to be placed where
before was a Lancet window. The vestibule is a bold and vigorous piece
of design, with a good vault and a remarkable range of thirteen arcaded
seats on its western side. The chapter-house is unique in plan, being an
octagon with two long and six short sides: this plan was transplanted to
the Lady chapel of Wells. The doorway has bold tooth-ornament; the wall
is surrounded by a trefoiled arcade. There is much beautiful glass by
Kempe.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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