English Dialects From the Eighth Century to the Present DaySkeat, Walter W. (Walter William)
History
English Dialects From the Eighth Century to the Present Day
Skeat, Walter W. (Walter William)
English language -- Dialects
We have one ancient specimen of the London dialect which is
eminently authentic and valuable, and has the additional advantage of
being exactly dated. This is the document known as "The only English
Proclamation of Henry III," issued on Oct. 18, 1258. Its intention was
to confirm to the people the "Provisions of Oxford," a charter of
rights that had been wrested from the king, from which we may conclude
that the Proclamation was issued by Henry rather by compulsion than by
his own free will. There is a note at the end which tells us that a
copy was sent to every shire in England and to Ireland. If every copy
had been preserved, we should have a plentiful supply. As it is, only
two copies have survived. One is the copy which found its way to
Oxford; and the other is the original from which the copies were made,
which has been carefully preserved for six centuries and a half in the
Public Record Office in London. I here give the contents of the
original, substituting _y_ (at the beginning of a word) or _gh_
(elsewhere) for the symbol _{g}_, and _th_ for the symbol _{th}_,
and _v_ for _u_ when between two vowels.
{P} Henri, thurgh Godes fultume king on Engleneloande, Lhoaverd
on Yrloande, Duk on Norm(andi), on Aquitaine, and Eorl on Aniow,
send igretinge to alle hise holde il{ae}rde and ileawede on
Huntendoneschire: th{ae}t witen ye wel alle, th{ae}t we willen and
unnen th{ae}t, th{ae}t ure r{ae}desmen alle, other the moare d{ae}l
of heom th{ae}t beoth ichosen thurgh us and thurgh th{ae}t loandes
folk on ure kuneriche, habbeth idon and schullen don in the
worthnesse of Gode and on ure treowthe, for the freme of the loande,
thurgh the besighte of than to-foren iseide redesmen, beo stedefaest
and ilestinde in alle thinge, abuten {ae}nde.
And we hoaten alle ure treowe, in the treowthe th{ae}t heo us ogen,
th{ae}t heo stedef{ae}stliche healden, and swerien to healden and to
werien, tho isetnesses th{ae}t beon imakede and beon to makien,
thurgh than to-foren iseide r{ae}desmen, other thurgh the moare
d{ae}l of hem, alswo also hit is biforen iseid; And th{ae}t {ae}hc
other helpe th{ae}t for to done bi than ilche othe, ayenes alle men,
right for to done and to foangen. And noan ne nime of loande ne of
eghte, wherthurgh this besighte mughe beon ilet other iwersed on onie
wise.
And yif oni other onie cumen her onyenes, we willen and hoaten
th{ae}t alle ure treowe heom healden deadliche ifoan. And for
th{ae}t we willen th{ae}t this beo stedef{ae}st and lestinde, we
senden yew this writ open, iseined with ure seel, to halden a-manges
yew me hord.
Witnesse us selven {ae}t Lundene, thane eghtetenthe day on the monthe
of Octobre, in the two and fowertighthe yeare of ure cruninge.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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